A Review on the Modeling of Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides in Gas‐Based Shaft Furnaces

Ghadi, Ariyan Zare; Radfar, Navid; Valipour, Mohammad Sadegh; Sohn, Hong Yong

doi:10.1002/srin.202200742

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among them, the production of DRI from the Midrex process and the HYL/Energiron process accounted for 59.5% and 12.7%, respectively. [75,76] As the scale of gas-based direct reduction devices continues to expand, it is entirely feasible to replace the long process in traditional steel enterprises. Donald Beggs conceptualized the Midrex process in the 1960s, and the Korf Group acquired this technology to establish Midrex Corporation in the 1970s.…”

Section: Gas-based Direct Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

Pang,

Bu,

Yuan

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe greenhouse gas emissions have made global warming one of humanity's most critical and intricate environmental challenges. As the world's largest producer and exporter of steel, China's steel industry contributes substantially to carbon emissions. The government formulated the policies and pathways to achieve carbon neutrality, and enterprises have proactively pursued low‐carbon technologies. In this review, the decarbonization process in the Chinese steel industry is classified into three stages according to the decarbonization amount and technological maturity: the improvements of the blast furnace‐basic oxygen furnace, the attempt of the nonblast furnace, and the preparatory electricity‐hydrogen coupling metallurgy. This article reviewed the industrial‐scale low‐carbon metallurgical technologies represented by the Baowu HyCORF process, bottom‐blowing O2‐CO2‐pulverized lime converter process, gas‐based direct reduction shaft furnace process, Molong HIsmelt process, and Ouye furnace process, as well as pointed out the development limitations of those processes. Additionally, the study presented prospects for zero‐carbon emission technologies coupling green energy generation and hydrogen metallurgy. These findings will offer substantial support for advancing research and development of low‐carbon metallurgical technologies and formulating relevant policies in the future.

show abstract

Section: Gas-based Direct Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

Pang,

Bu,

Yuan

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, the total emissions may be substantially reduced to 50 kg-CO 2 /t-steel in an ideal scenario where clean electricity and green hydrogen are provided for the HSF-EAF route [6]. In this context, an increasing number of studies have been themed around the new steelmaking route and the majority of them have particularly focused on the HSF process [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] where iron oxide pellets are heated and converted to direct reduced iron (DRI) by the (preheated) pure H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study on the Process of the H2 Shaft Furnace Equipped with a Center Gas Distributor

Yu,

Shao,

Zou

2024

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to explore technically feasible options for improving the performance of the H2 shaft furnace (HSF), a previously built and validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was employed in the current work to assess the potential of the operation based on a center gas distributor (CGD). A set of simulations was performed to mimic scenarios where different amounts of feed gas (0–30% of 1400 Nm3/t-pellet) are injected via the CGD located at the bottom of the HSF. The results showed that a relatively large stagnant zone (approximately 8.0-m in height and 0.3-m in diameter) exists in the furnace center where the gas flows are weak owing to an overly shortened penetration depth of the H2 stream solely injected from the circumferentially installed bustle-pipe. When adopting the CGD operation, however, the center gas flows can be effectively enhanced, consequently squeezing the stagnant zone and thus leading to a better overall performance of the HSF. In particular, the uniformity of the final reduction degree (mean values ranging from 0.8846 to 0.8896) of the solid phase (i.e., pellets) is well improved under the investigated condition where the total gas feed rate is fixed at 1400 Nm3/t-pellet. As for the final mean reduction degree of solid and top gas utilization degree, the two performance indicators rise to maximal values when the CGD feed ratio is increased to 20% and then slightly drop with a further increase in the ratio.

show abstract

“…[11,12] Currently, many scholars have conducted a series of studies on gas-based shaft furnaces (SFs). [13][14][15] In comparison to the current BF ironmaking process, the application of the hydrogen metallurgy gas-based SF direct-reduction ironmaking process can reduce CO 2 emissions by more than 45%. [16] The main raw materials in SF are pellets, which can be reduced to produce high-quality direct-reduction iron.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sticking Behavior of Burdens During Reduction Process in Gas‐Based Shaft Furnaces

Zhao,

Tang,

Wang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gas‐based shaft furnaces (SFs) have garnered considerable attention because of their low CO2 emissions. The sticking behavior of their burden material influences the smooth operation of SFs. In this study, the effects of the reduction degree, temperature, and atmosphere on the sticking behavior of pellets are studied thoroughly under typical reduction conditions. The results demonstrate that the pellets will stick with each other as the reduction degree increases, the main phase of pellets at the maximum sticking index (SI) is iron, and the interconnection between iron whiskers results in the bonding phenomenon of pellets. The pellets exhibit a low SI at a relatively low reduction temperature. As the reduction temperature increases, the pellets stick, which is caused by thermal expansion and the large number of iron whiskers. With an increase in the proportion of H2 in the reducing gas, the iron particles become smaller, and the contact area between the particles decreases, effectively reducing the SI of the pellets. In general, choosing a reasonable reduction temperature and increasing the proportion of H2 in the reducing gas are helpful in controlling pellet sticking.

show abstract

A Review on the Modeling of Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides in Gas‐Based Shaft Furnaces

Cited by 15 publications

References 88 publications

The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

A Numerical Study on the Process of the H2 Shaft Furnace Equipped with a Center Gas Distributor

Sticking Behavior of Burdens During Reduction Process in Gas‐Based Shaft Furnaces

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About