A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels

Sakthivel, R.; Ramesh, K.; Purnachandran, R.; Shameer, P. Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.037

Cited by 307 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The density is one of the significant characteristics of the fuel. It is used to know the necessary quantity of fuel supplied by the injection systems for the exact combustion of the fuel to occur [85]. The fuel that has a high density has more mass when compared to a fuel with a lower density.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

et al. 2020

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Residual oil from babassu (Orbignya sp.), a low-cost raw material, was used in the enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production, using lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym® 435) and ethanol. For the first time in the literature, residual babassu oil and Novozym® 435 are being investigated to obtain biodiesel. In this communication, response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the esterification and study the effects of four factors (molar ratio (1:1–1:16, free fatty acids (FFAs) /alcohol), temperature (30–50 °C), biocatalyst content (0.05–0.15 g) and reaction time (2–6 h)) in the conversion into fatty acid ethyl esters. Under optimized conditions (1:18 molar ratio (FFAs/alcohol), 0.14 g of Novozym® 435, 48 °C and 4 h), the conversion into ethyl esters was 96.8%. It was found that after 10 consecutive cycles of esterification under optimal conditions, Novozym® 435 showed a maximum loss of activity of 5.8%, suggesting a very small change in the support/enzyme ratio proved by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and insignificant changes in the surface of Novozym® 435 proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the 10 consecutive cycles of esterification.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

et al. 2020

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“…Biodiesel reduces about 60% carbon emissions as compared to conventional diesel [18] and is non-toxic and biodegradable ensuring its safety for use. Biodisel is reported to have has higher flash point than petroleum diesel [19]. In India, Diesel consumption is five times more than gasoline.…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels: Present Scenario, Challenges and Future Prospects in India

Kushwaha¹

2019

IJRASET

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Biofuels are produced by biological materials like agriculture residues, fruit and vegetables waste, vegetable oils. Biofuels includes bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, biogas and biohydrogen. 1st generation biofuels include the ones which are produced from food crops, 2nd generation biofuels are produced from lignocellulose materials and third generation biofuels are produced from algae. India is the 7th largest producer of biofuels, with the increase in production every year. India is currently working on biofuel policy 2018 to sustain in the field of biofuel and it is aiming to reduce the import of crude oil up to 10% by the year 2022. The sustainable production of biofuel is essential for country's economic growth and to reduce the impact of global warming.

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“…The transportation sector contributed with 64.5% of the world's total oil consumption in 2014 (Sakthivel et al, 2018). In addition, the World Energy Council (WEC) indicates that the proportion of diesel to gasoline demand will increase from 1.5 today to 3.8 by 2040.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Carbonation and Rehydration on Cao Derived From Calcining Chicken Eggshells in the Catalytic Process of Soybean Oil Transesterification

Cordeiro

Silva²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2019

BJPG

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CaO is the most used heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reactions due to its high catalytic activity, low solubility in methanol, non-toxicity, and low cost. One of the greatest disadvantages of using CaO is its predisposition to react with H 2 O and CO 2 present in the atmosphere forming Ca(OH) 2 and CaCO 3, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the catalytic capacity of the catalyst derived from calcined chicken eggshells on different days after calcination. The catalyst used was produced under a temperature of 800 °C during a period of 160 minutes. The catalytic solid was characterized on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 15 after calcination by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller isotherm (BET); and Hammett analysis techniques. The reaction occurred at a temperature of 65 °C, had a molar ratio of 12:1 alcohol/oil, used 6% catalyst, and was carried over a period of 3 hours. The results showed that the rehydration and carbonation processes did not significantly affect the CaO.

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A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels

Cited by 307 publications

References 113 publications

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

Biofuels: Present Scenario, Challenges and Future Prospects in India

Influence of Carbonation and Rehydration on Cao Derived From Calcining Chicken Eggshells in the Catalytic Process of Soybean Oil Transesterification

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