A review on the rheological behavior and formulations of ceramic suspensions for vat photopolymerization

Camargo, Ítalo Leite de; Morais, Mateus Mota; Fortulan, Carlos Alberto; Branciforti, Márcia Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.031

Cited by 149 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…At higher shear rates, the resin flows more easily, which is advantageous for the printing process. The viscosity settles at a value of about 1.5 Pas, which corresponds to the specifications in the literature (≤3 Pas) and thus enables good printability [31,33,39,41]. The geometrical accuracy of the manufactured prototypes have a critical influence on their high-frequency performance.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Ceramic Filled Resin And The Printed...mentioning

confidence: 66%

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Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

et al. 2021

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Ceramic materials are chemical- and temperature-resistant and, therefore, enable novel application fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. With this in mind, this contribution focuses on developing an additive manufacturing approach for 3D-printed waveguides made of ceramic materials. In particular, a special design approach for ceramic waveguides, which introduces non-radiating slots into the waveguides sidewalls, and a customized metallization process, are presented. The developed process allows for using conventional stereolithographic desktop-grade 3D-printers. The proposed approach has, therefore, benefits such as low-cost fabrication, moderate handling effort and independence of the concrete waveguide geometry. The performance of a manufactured ceramic WR12 waveguide is compared to a commercial waveguide and a conventionally printed counterpart. For that reason, relevant properties, such as surface roughness and waveguide geometry, are characterized. Parsing the electrical measurements, the ceramic waveguide specimen features an attenuation coefficient of 30–60 dB/m within the E-Band. The measured attenuation coefficient is 200% and 300% higher compared to the epoxy resin and the commercial waveguide and is attributed to the increased surface roughness of the ceramic substrate.

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Section: Characterization Of the Ceramic Filled Resin And The Printed...mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A powder-resin mixture was prepared. The rheological properties of the powder-resin mixture are a crucial parameter for the 3D-printing process [31,[37][38][39]. Higher mixing rations enable a better loading content.…”

Section: Printing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

et al. 2021

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“…In stereolithography 3D printing, the resin is cleaned up from the VAT surface by a moving paddle between the layer printing intervals. The resin's shear-thinning behavior is directly related to self-leveling properties, where the resin must rapidly fill the empty spaces after paddle sweep [22,23].…”

Section: Ink Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Mixing Method and Solid Content on Printability of Alumina Inks for Stereolithography 3D Printing Process

2022

IJE

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Additive manufacturing of ceramics via stereolithography method is a promising way to fabricate highresolution ceramic parts with complex geometry, which is hard to obtain with traditional ceramic shaping methods. In order to shape the ceramics with the Digital Light Processing (DLP), a mixture of photocurable resin and ceramic powders, called ink, must be prepared. In this paper, the printability of the Alumina-glass inks, with different solid contents were prepared by two mixing methods, having long and short mixing durations. In order to evaluate the printability of inks, the rheological behavior of suspensions was investigated, and printing parameters such as curing time and layer thickness were changed. The ceramic-resin suspensions were prepared via 24-hour ball-milling and 10,000 rpm mechanical homogenizing. The suspension containing 60 wt% solid content and prepared by mechanical homogenizing showed the best stability with 8% sedimentation within 4 days and the lowest viscosity of 1.37 Pa•s at shear rates of 30 s -1 , exhibiting a suitable viscosity for DLP printing. Therefore, a mechanical homogenizer can be a promising and quick method for mixing by providing simultaneously appropriate rheology and printability.

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“…A dispersant (2 wt%) was added to the preparation before the high energy ball milling process to reduce the viscosity of the photocurable ceramic slurries [43]. A solid content in the range of 36-38 vol% of ceramic powder was reached in the slurries in order to obtain a viscosity lower than 1 Pa.s at 10 s −1 [44]. A DLP 3D printer (3DLPrinter-HD 2.0+, Robotfactory, Italy; construction volume of L 100 × W 56 × H 150 mm 3 ) was used and equipped with a projector using a UV-visible high pressure Hg lamp (250 W of power and 3000 lm of luminous flux).…”

Section: Ceramic Resin and 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Zirconia Composites as Biomaterials

et al. 2021

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Zirconia–alumina composites couple the high toughness of zirconia with the peculiar properties of alumina, i.e., hardness, wear, and chemical resistance, so they are considered promising materials for orthopedic and dental implants. The design of high performance zirconia composites needs to consider different aspects, such as the type and amount of stabilizer and the sintering process, that affect the mechanics of toughening and, hence, the mechanical properties. In this study, several stabilizers (Y2O3, CuO, Ta2O5, and CeO2) were tested together with different sintering processes to analyze the in situ toughening mechanism induced by the tetragonal–monoclinic (t–m) transformation of zirconia. One of the most important outcomes is the comprehension of the opposite effect played by the grain size and the tetragonality of the zirconia lattice on mechanical properties, such as fracture toughness and bending strength. These results allow for the design of materials with customized properties and open new perspectives for the development of high-performance zirconia composites for orthopedic implants with high hydrothermal resistance. Moreover, a near-net shape forming process based on the additive manufacturing technology of digital light processing (DLP) was also studied to produce ceramic dental implants with a new type of resin–ceramic powder mixture. This represents a new frontier in the development of zirconia composites thanks to the possibility to obtain a customized component with limited consumption of material and reduced machining costs.

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A review on the rheological behavior and formulations of ceramic suspensions for vat photopolymerization

Cited by 149 publications

References 126 publications

Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

Role of Mixing Method and Solid Content on Printability of Alumina Inks for Stereolithography 3D Printing Process

New Perspectives on Zirconia Composites as Biomaterials

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