“…Although the sizes of the circles of keywords in cluster 4 are similar, they are slightly larger in the case of microalga, in reference to a bio-treatment that is particularly attractive because of their photosynthetic capabilities, converting solar energy into useful biomasses and incorporating nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, causing eutrophication [32]. This technology, in the context of biorefineries, presents several challenges, as the growth of microalgae requires large amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus [33], thus having high harvesting, pre-treatment, and microalgal purification costs [34]. However, the use of microalgae has been shown to have significant advantages, as it reduces emissions and leads to energy savings compared to conventional processes [35].…”