A Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Polymer Grafting

Vega‐Hernández, Miguel Ángel; Cano‐Díaz, Gema Susana; Vivaldo‐Lima, Eduardo; Rosas‐Aburto, Alberto; Hernández-Luna, Martín; Martı́nez, Alfredo; Palacios‐Alquisira, Joaquín; Mohammadi, Yousef; Penlidis, Alexander

doi:10.3390/pr9020375

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…With a better understanding of the mechanisms through simulation or modelling studies, the operating conditions involved in the chemical grafting can be fine-tuned more systematically. Notably, artificial intelligence technology can serve as a significant tool for surface modification of membrane [167]. Data-driven techniques, such as machine learning (ML), have been investigated to provide details on nanocomposite membrane manufacturing and modification, critical elements that influence membrane performance, as well as to forecast membrane attributes.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Design of Liquid Separation Membrane through Graft Polymerization: A State of the Art Review

et al. 2021

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Surface modification of membranes is an effective approach for imparting unique characteristics and additional functionalities to the membranes. Chemical grafting is a commonly used membrane modification technique due to its versatility in tailoring and optimizing the membrane surface with desired functionalities. Various types of polymers can be precisely grafted onto the membrane surface and the operating conditions of grafting can be tailored to further fine-tune the membrane surface properties. This review focuses on the recent strategies in improving the surface design of liquid separation membranes through grafting-from technique, also known as graft polymerization, to improve membrane performance in wastewater treatment and desalination applications. An overview on membrane technology processes such as pressure-driven and osmotically driven membrane processes are first briefly presented. Grafting-from surface chemical modification approaches including chemical initiated, plasma initiated and UV initiated approaches are discussed in terms of their features, advantages and limitations. The innovations in membrane surface modification techniques based on grafting-from techniques are comprehensively reviewed followed by some highlights on the current challenges in this field. It is concluded that grafting-from is a versatile and effective technique to introduce various functional groups to enhance the surface properties and separation performances of liquid separation membranes.

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Section: Challenges and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Design of Liquid Separation Membrane through Graft Polymerization: A State of the Art Review

et al. 2021

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“…Within the grafting process, PVA‐based graft polymers can be obtained by “grafting to,” “grafting from,” and/or “grafting through” techniques 40 . The “grafting to” method involves the coupling reaction between the functional groups present on the polymer backbone and the reactive end groups of the branches.…”

Section: Advances In Pva‐based Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

Choudhury

Gohil

Dutta

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Clean water and energy are two of the most important requirements for human survival. Membrane‐based filtration represents one of the advanced technologies involved in water decontamination; while, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the frontrunners in the alternative and renewable energy domain. It is evident that membrane‐based processes provide sustainable solution to the ever‐increasing demand of energy and clean water. Over the years, it has been realized that synthetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the potential candidates for the development of membranes, owing to its hydrophilicity, barrier property, film forming ability, crosslinking ability, biodegradability, and low cost. These properties have been widely explored for the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membranes for PEMFCs, in order to improve the ionic conductivity and methanol barrier property, as well as, to reduce the membrane fabrication cost. On the other hand, high water solubility and film forming characteristics of PVA have been used for the formation of water treatment membranes, for enhancing the antifouling property and chemical stability. This review provides in‐depth discussions and analyses on the structure and properties of various PVA‐based copolymers, and their applications as membrane materials for PEMFCs (including direct methanol and alkaline fuel cells) and water remediation.

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“…The modifications include reactions with end-chain functional groups along the macromolecule backbone, or at ramifications branches under high specific, non-destructive and mild conditions. [84] Since diene rubbers like NR, PI, and PB have highly hydrophobic surfaces, the introduction of polar groups is a desired property. However, so far, enzymatic modifications on diene rubbers still remain a field to be explored.…”

Section: Enzymatic Functionalization Of the Macromolecular Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches for Post‐Polymerization Modifications of Diene Rubbers: Current state and Perspectives

Soares

Steinbüchel

2021

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Diene rubbers are polymeric materials which present elastic properties and have double bonds in the macromolecular backbone after the polymerization process. Post-polymerization modifications of rubbers can be conducted by enzymatic or chemical methods. Enzymes are environmentally friendly catalysts and with the increasing demand for rubber waste management, biodegradation and biomodifications have become hot topics of research. Some rubbers are renewable materials and are a source of organic molecules, and biodegradation can be conducted to obtain either oligomers or monomers. On the other hand, chemical modifications of rubbers by click-chemistry are important strategies for the creation and combination of new materials. In a way to expand the scope of uses to other non-traditional applications, several and effective modifications can be conducted with diene rubbers. Two groups of efficient tools, enzymatic, and chemical modifications in diene rubbers, are summarized in this review. By analyzing stereochemical and reactivity aspects, the authors also point to some applications perspectives for biodegradation products and to rational modifications of diene rubbers by combining both methodologies.

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A Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Polymer Grafting

Cited by 48 publications

References 241 publications

Surface Design of Liquid Separation Membrane through Graft Polymerization: A State of the Art Review

Surface Design of Liquid Separation Membrane through Graft Polymerization: A State of the Art Review

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches for Post‐Polymerization Modifications of Diene Rubbers: Current state and Perspectives

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