A review on trends in lignin extraction and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for energy applications

Lobato-Peralta, Diego Ramón; Duque-Brito, Estefanía; Villafán-Vidales, Heidi Isabel; Longoria, Adriana; Sebastián, P.J.; Cuentas-Gallegos, Ana Karina; Arancibia-Bulnes, Camilo A.; Okoye, Patrick U.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126123

Cited by 149 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Lignin is abundant and can be extracted from a wide range of natural sources, such as woods and plants. Conventionally, lignin isolation requires treatment chemicals, such as alkalis, acids, enzymes, organic solvents, and ionic liquids [5]. Although these methods are flexible and efficient, they often need harsh chemicals or unique salt (such as ionic liquid), which is expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals from Hemp Hurd as Light-Coloured Ultraviolet (UV) Functional Filler for Enhanced Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Films

2021

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Lignin is a natural light-coloured ultraviolet (UV) absorber; however, conventional extraction processes usually darken its colour and could be detrimental to its UV-shielding ability. In this study, a sustainable way of fabricating lignin–cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNCs) from hemp hurd is proposed. A homogeneous morphology of the hemp particles was achieved by ball milling, and L-CNCs with high aspect ratio were obtained through mild acid hydrolysis on the ball-milled particles. The L-CNCs were used as filler in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, which produced a light-coloured nanocomposite film with high UV-shielding ability and enhanced tensile properties: the absorption of UV at wavelength of 400 nm and transparency in the visible-light region at wavelength of 550 nm was 116 times and 70% higher than that of pure PVA, respectively. In addition to these advantages, the nanocomposite film showed a water vapour transmission property comparable with commercial food package film, indicating potential applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals from Hemp Hurd as Light-Coloured Ultraviolet (UV) Functional Filler for Enhanced Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Films

2021

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“…Finally, although this work focuses its application on the important road paving industry, other possible applications could add value to this waste biopolymer as anionic surfactant for cleaning, food, personal care, cosmetic, paint, biomedical, chemical, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry, among others [ 29 ]. In this regard, it is worth noting that 100 million tons of lignin are produced annually (including bioethanol, Kraft, sulphite, soda, organosolv processes, among others), but less than 2% is used in commercial products with higher added value [ 6 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the complex structure of polymeric lignin has been described elsewhere showing a wide variety of functional groups that depend on its biomass source and fractioning method [3,4]. Particularly, the latter affecting both lignin structural characteristics and industrial potential applications (e.g., surface located carboxylic and phenolic groups, contribute to the biosorption properties of lignin) [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioethanol Production and Alkali Pulp Processes as Sources of Anionic Lignin Surfactants

et al. 2021

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Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with potential value-added applications that depend on biomass source and fractioning method. This work explores the use as emulsifiers of three native lignin-rich product coming from industrial bioethanol production and alkali or Kraft pulping. In addition to their distinctive characteristics, the different molecular organization induced by emulsification pH is expected to interact in various ways at the water-oil interface of the emulsion droplets. Initially, model oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions of a silicone oil will be studied as a function of lignin source, disperse phase concentration and emulsification pH. Once stablished the effect of such variables, emulsion formulations of three potential bitumen rejuvenators (waste vegetable cooking oil, recycled lubricating oil and a 160/220 penetration range soft bitumen). Droplet size distribution, Z-potential and viscous tests conducted on model emulsions have shown that emulsification pH strongly affects stabilization ability of the lignins tested. Regarding bitumen rejuvenators, lignin emulsification capability will be affected by surfactant source, pH and, additionally, by the dispersed phase characteristics. Lower Z-potential values shown by KL at pH 9 and 11 seem to facilitate emulsification of the less polar disperse phases formed by RLUB and bitumen. In any case, lower particle size and higher yield stress values were found for both bioethanol-derived lignins emulsifying RVO and RLUB at pH 13, which are expected to exhibit a longer stability.

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“…Lignin is a kind of amorphous aromatic polymers and natural macromolecular organism only second to cellulose inside plant, with a content of 15%-30%. [29][30][31] Lignin and its derivatives are the important component of plant skeleton and the main by-products of pulp and paper process, which have the advantages of low cost, large reserves and renewable. [32][33][34] Recent years, lignin and its derivatives have been considered as the most promising and sustainable carbon precursor for porous carbon materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐doping porous carbon materials synthesis from bio‐wastes sodium lignosulfonate with high performance for supercapacitors

Jia

Lin

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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A facile method for synthesis of biomass-derived porous carbon from biowastes sodium lignosulfonate is proposed. Using neutral reagent KNO 3 as activator and nitrogen source, the porous carbon materials with three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure interconnected oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur co-doped are prepared via simple and efficient lyophilisation and a one-step carbonization. The porous carbon carbonized at 800 C possesses high specific surface area (2400 m 2 g À1 ) and moderate oxygen (9.15 at%), nitrogen (2.35 at %) and sulphur (0.37 at%) contents. As a result, the GSLS-800 achieves an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 389.7 F g À1 with 1 A g À1 as well as 92.3% capacitance retention with 10 000 cycles at 10 A g À1 under 3 M KOH threeelectrode system. Furthermore, the solid-symmetric supercapacitor aggregated by GSLS-800 delivers a high energy density of 27.26 W h kg À1 under a power density of 487.75 W kg À1 and presents a favourable retention capacity of 89.6% at 10 A g À1 after 10 000 cycles. This work extends high value-added utilization of biomass derivatives in energy storage applications.

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A review on trends in lignin extraction and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for energy applications

Cited by 149 publications

References 224 publications

Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals from Hemp Hurd as Light-Coloured Ultraviolet (UV) Functional Filler for Enhanced Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Films

Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals from Hemp Hurd as Light-Coloured Ultraviolet (UV) Functional Filler for Enhanced Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Films

Bioethanol Production and Alkali Pulp Processes as Sources of Anionic Lignin Surfactants

Self‐doping porous carbon materials synthesis from bio‐wastes sodium lignosulfonate with high performance for supercapacitors

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