“…In particular, certain studies have applied decomposing methods, such as Wavelet (Jammazi and Aloui, 2012;Hamid and Shabri, 2017;Uddin et al, 2019), EMD (Hu et al, 2018;Ding, 2018), and VMD (Jianwei et al, 2017;Lahmiri, 2015;He et al, 2018) to decompose the input data series into subsets of data and then they use optimization methods, namely GA, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to obtain the optimal parameters of the forecasting methods of ANN and SVM. The recent techniques, namely, EMD is facing mode mixing problems, while the VMD approach has its own problems in setting parameters, leading either to over decomposing the series or to under decomposing the series; this, in turn, implies lower accuracy in the forecasting process (Isham et al, 2019). Though the machine learning methods are efficient in handling nonlinear and nonstationary data, MARSplines methods are capable of finding important input variables for models, such as BPNN, SVM and RF.…”