A review on viscosity retention of PAM solution for polymer flooding technology

Du, Juan; Lv, Chunhong; Lan, Xitang; Song, Jifeng; Liu, Pingli; Chen, Xiang; Wang, Qiang; Liu, Jinming; Guo, Guixian

doi:10.1080/10916466.2022.2120011

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Better results were obtained for XG-combinations with a viscosity value of 0.50 and 0.82 Pa·s for 2000 and 5000 ppm, respectively. This is because PAM is prone to hydrolysis and heat degradation, which significantly reduces the viscosity of the solution . The xanthan gum’s higher shear viscosity during polymer flooding in the EOR can raise the residual resistance factor and boost sweep efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Dhar,

Sarma,

Hens

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Significant portions of oil in petroleum reservoirs remain unrecovered after the primary and secondary production phases. To address this challenge, chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) techniques such as polymer flooding, alkali−polymer flooding, and alkali−surfactant−polymer (ASP) flooding are essential to enhance the displacement efficiency. In mature oil fields like Tengakhat in the Assam Arakan Basin, where Oil India Limited operates, maximizing recovery is crucial amidst the declining production from existing reserves and limited new field discoveries. Despite advancements, substantial quantities of oil are left behind in reservoirs post conventional production methods. The literature reveals a critical need for tailored chemical combinations to optimize the recovery, particularly in fields where conventional methods are reaching their operational limits. This study addresses the gap by systematically screening various chemicals and their combinations�polymer, alkali, and surfactant�to identify the optimal cEOR strategies for the Tengakhat oil field. The research focuses on enhancing macroscopic and microscopic displacement efficiencies to recover capillary-trapped or water-bypassed oil effectively. The study employs comprehensive screening techniques, including 1 H NMR, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and GC-chromatography, to characterize reservoir fluids and cores. Chemicals are evaluated based on their ability to reduce interfacial tension (IFT), modify wettability, and enhance fluid viscosity. Screening studies determine the best performing chemicals, followed by coreflood experiments to validate their effectiveness in recovering oil from reservoir cores. 0.2 wt % SDS for surfactant, 2 wt % NaOH for alkali, and 2000 ppm XG for polymer were identified as optimal concentrations. ASP flooding demonstrated the highest recovery efficiency, achieving approximately 31% of original oil in place (OOIP) following secondary recovery efforts. This study underscores the effectiveness of ASP flooding in maximizing oil recovery from mature reservoirs like Tengakhat. By leveraging tailored chemical combinations, operators can significantly enhance recovery rates, thereby prolonging the economic viability of existing oil fields and reducing the dependency on imported petroleum resources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because PAM is prone to hydrolysis and heat degradation, which significantly reduces the viscosity of the solution. 69 The xanthan gum's higher shear viscosity during polymer flooding in the EOR can raise the residual resistance factor and boost sweep efficiency. Solutions using xanthan gum exhibit a strong pseudoplasticity.…”

Section: Viscosity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Dhar,

Sarma,

Hens

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Therefore, TG and DTG tests were conducted on the crushed particles of the green body, as shown in Figure 2A. It can be seen from the TG and DTG curves that the weight loss of the green body powder mainly includes three stages, namely, the water loss stage from 50 to 150 • C, the amide group decomposition stage from 200 to 300 • C, and the carbon chain decomposition stage from 300 to 600 • C. 27,28 This provides guidance for the glue discharge process parameters of the subsequent temperature sections.…”

Section: Dumping and Sintering Of Porous Tic/si 3 N 4 Composites Gree...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of lightweight, conformal, and load‐bearing TiC/Si₃N₄ absorbing composites by gel casting

Liang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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In view of the lack of conformal, load‐bearing, light‐weight, and high temperature‐resistant integrated wave‐absorbing composites suitable for extremely complex conditions, the gel‐casting process was successfully applied to porous Si3N4 wave‐absorbing composites in this work. A universal low‐slurry for gel casting was prepared by using two dispersants acting together (tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution and sodium lauryl sulfate), which ensured the smooth completion of the gel casting process. Combining the thermogravimetric and differential thermal gravity curves of the composite green body, reasonable parameters of the rubber discharge process are given to avoid the problem of the green body swelling and cracking. The porous TiC/Si3N4 composites were successfully prepared by holding them at 1650°C for 3 h. The bending strength, density, minimum reflection loss, absorption bandwidth, and matched thickness in the P‐band of the composites with 30 wt.% TiC addition were 54.08 ± 3.02 MPa, 1.906 g/cm3, ‐37.75 dB, 1.9 GHz, and 4.1 mm, respectively. The electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms of the composites are a combination of conductivity loss, multiple reflections and scattering, interfacial polarization, and defect polarization.

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“…Currently, there are mainly physical degradation methods for the degradation of PAM [2] (mechanical degradation [3], ultrasonic degradation [4][5][6], thermal degradation [7,8], photodegradation [9,10], laser pulse degradation [11], low-temperature plasma degradation [12,13]) and chemical degradation methods (oxidative degradation [14], photocatalytic degradation [15]). Physical degradation methods often require the application of energy such as light and heat, which increases energy consumption and does not fully degrade PAM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative degradation requires the addition of oxidants, which can achieve complete degradation but may result in secondary pollution. Photocatalytic degradation, on the other hand, is an environmentally friendly water treatment technology that does not cause secondary pollution and can completely degrade pollutants such as PAM [15]. However, there are fewer reports on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Spinel/Perovskite Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance for Polyacrylamide

Zhu,

Luo,

Yang

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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The use of photocatalytic technology to degrade polyacrylamide in crude oil extraction wastewater is a promising approach, but there have been few reports so far. In this study, ZnFe2O4/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 heterogeneous composite materials of a spinel/perovskite type with different proportions were synthesized. The composite materials with 31% ZnFe2O4 content exhibited a maximum polyacrylamide degradation efficiency of 46.54%, which demonstrated the unique role of the spinel/perovskite heterogeneous structure. When Ag nanoparticles were grown in situ on the surface of ZnFe2O4/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency reached 81.28%. The main reason was that the introduction of Ag nanoparticles not only increased the active sites and enhanced light absorption capacity but also accelerated the separation of photo-generated charges. This work provides new ideas for the construction of spinel/perovskite heterogeneous composite materials and has reference significance for the application of photocatalytic degradation in the treatment of wastewater-containing polymers.

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A review on viscosity retention of PAM solution for polymer flooding technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 139 publications

Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Preparation and properties of lightweight, conformal, and load‐bearing TiC/Si₃N₄ absorbing composites by gel casting

Construction of Spinel/Perovskite Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance for Polyacrylamide

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A review on viscosity retention of PAM solution for polymer flooding technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 139 publications

Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Chemical EOR Opportunities in Depleted Reservoirs of Assam Arakan Basin: A Laboratory EOR Approach in Tengakhat Area of Assam

Preparation and properties of lightweight, conformal, and load‐bearing TiC/Si3N4 absorbing composites by gel casting

Construction of Spinel/Perovskite Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance for Polyacrylamide

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Preparation and properties of lightweight, conformal, and load‐bearing TiC/Si₃N₄ absorbing composites by gel casting