“…To illustrate, with the use of multimedia resources, learners can engage with authentic language content, which aids in improving their listening and speaking abilities (Islam & Hasan, 2020;Hadi, 2020;Kassaie et al, 2021;Lutfi, 2020;Rajendran & Yunus, 2021). Digital platforms provide opportunities for extensive practice, enabling learners to reinforce vocabulary and grammar structures in real-life contexts (Alhuwaydi, 2022;Ekinci, 2020;Paris et al, 2021;Shi & Tsai, 2022;Yang et al, 2021). Technology also facilitates communication and collaboration among learners, helping them interact with native speakers and peers worldwide, thus enhancing their proficiency in writing and speaking (Al-Shehab, 2020;Gael & Elmiana, 2021;Kessler et al, 2023).…”