A Revised Approach to Ice Microphysical Processes for the Bulk Parameterization of Clouds and Precipitation

Hong, Song; Dudhia, Jimy; Chen, Shu Hua

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0103:aratim>2.0.co;2

Cited by 2,171 publications

(1,389 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The top pressure level of the experimental domain is set at 50 hPa with 40 vertical levels extending to the ground surface. The WRF Model physics options used in this study include schemes of the WRF single-moment 3-class microphysics (Hong et al 2004), the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for longwave radiation (Mlawer et al 1997), the Dudhia shortwave radiation (Dudhia 1989), the MM5 similarity surface layer, the Noah land surface model (Chen and Dudhia 2001), the Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boundary layer (Hong et al 2006), and the Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization (Kain and Fritsch 1990). 1800 UTC 10 June to 1800 UTC 15 June 2009.…”

Section: Model Configurations and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Lin

Ebtehaj

Bras

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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The objective of this study is to develop a framework for dynamically downscaling spaceborne precipitation products using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). Numerical experiments have been conducted to 1) understand the sensitivity of precipitation downscaling through point-scale precipitation data assimilation and 2) investigate the impact of seasonality and associated changes in precipitation-generating mechanisms on the quality of spatiotemporal downscaling of precipitation. The point-scale experiment suggests that assimilating precipitation can significantly affect the precipitation analysis, forecast, and downscaling. Because of occasional overestimation or underestimation of small-scale summertime precipitation extremes, the numerical experiments presented here demonstrate that the wintertime assimilation produces downscaled precipitation estimates that are in closer agreement with the reference National Centers for Environmental Prediction stage IV dataset than similar summertime experiments. This study concludes that the WRF 4D-Var system is able to effectively downscale a 6-h precipitation product with a spatial resolution of 20 km to hourly precipitation with a spatial resolution of less than 10 km in grid spacingrelevant to finescale hydrologic applications for the era of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.

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Section: Model Configurations and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Lin

Ebtehaj

Bras

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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“…The simulations are performed using the Noah Land Surface Model [Chen and Dudhia, 2001] and the Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) cumulus scheme. To resolve cloud processes, the model uses the WRF Single Moment-5 class (WSM5) bulk microphysical parameterization [Hong et al, 2004].…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of the TTL in a tropical channel version of the WRF model

et al. 2013

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[1] In this study, the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model is used to investigate key physical processes controlling the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) temperature and water vapor distributions in December 2005 to January-February 2006. The model domain is configured as a tropical channel with a horizontal grid spacing of 36 km, a vertical grid spacing of 500 m, and a top at 0.1 hPa. Initial and boundary conditions are set using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set. An ozone distribution computed from satellite and ozonesonde measurements is used for radiative forcing calculations. The model's ability to replicate observed TTL temperatures is evaluated via comparisons with radiosonde data and reanalyses (MERRA and ERA-Interim). The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) water vapor measurements are used to evaluate WRF-simulated water vapor in the TTL. Results of the simulations show that the model reproduces the mean temperature and its variability above 50 hPa as well as the tropical tropopause height. However, the model cold point tropopause temperature is colder than the reanalyses by~1.2 K. The model captures the location of TTL water vapor minimum in the Western Pacific but is drier than the MLS observations in the TTL. To assess possible reasons for the tropopause temperature discrepancy, an additional WRF experiment was conducted using analysis nudging for water vapor. This experiment produces more tropical cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and a warming of~1.5 K of the cold point tropopause. This suggests that the radiative effects of cirrus clouds and water vapor must be considered for accurate temperature simulations in the TTL.

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“…Vertical transport and mixing in the boundary layer are accounted for by using the YSU-PBL scheme (Hong and Lim, 2006). Subgrid-scale convective processes and cloud formation are parametrised using the Kain-Fritsch scheme (Kain, 2004) and microphysical cloud properties are determined through the WSM-6-class scheme (Hong et al, 2004;Dudhia et al, 2008).…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different initial conditions on the growth of polar lows: idealised baroclinic channel simulations

Adakudlu¹

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The development of a polar low is simulated in an ideal baroclinic channel with the objective of studying the relative influence of different initial conditions on certain characteristics of the polar low. The basic state in the channel has a baroclinic jet at the tropopause level superposed by potential vorticity anomalies. The upperlevel perturbation leads to the genesis of a polar low through baroclinic instability. During its growth, the polar low is driven by a combination of baroclinic and convective processes as the vertical motion associated with the polar low is found to be forced simultaneously by the adiabatic and diabatic omega-forcing terms in the quasi-geostrophic omega equation. The degree of baroclinicity, surface heating and the scale of the upper-level anomaly were each reduced, and static stability increased separately in a series of sensitivity experiments. The results show that the pattern of the vertical motion, the growth rate and phase speed of the polar low are highly sensitive to the modifications in the background conditions. In particular, the surface temperature and baroclinicity appear to be crucial in determining the strength of the vertical motion associated with the polar low. The scale and structure of the polar low are more vulnerable to the scale of the upper-level anomaly and initial baroclinicity than to the rest of the parameters tested. In all the sensitivity experiments, the formation of the polar low gets delayed and its intensity, in terms of the surface pressure, reduced due to the modified initial conditions. The

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A Revised Approach to Ice Microphysical Processes for the Bulk Parameterization of Clouds and Precipitation

Cited by 2,171 publications

References 38 publications

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

The representation of the TTL in a tropical channel version of the WRF model

Impact of different initial conditions on the growth of polar lows: idealised baroclinic channel simulations

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