A revised chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae

Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Ranunculaceae: Utility of the Nuclear 26S Ribosomal DNA in Inferring Intrafamilial Relationships

“…The resulting inferred phylogenetic trees based on NJ and MP methods are highly congruent with the previously published molecular studies based on chloroplast restriction site data (Johansson, 1995) and DNA sequence data from three genes (Hoot, 1995). Overall concordance among the relationships suggested by these five independent molecular data sets provides evidence that such methods will improve the higher classification within the family.…”

“…A total of 547 phylogenetically informative restriction sites were analyzed using maximum parsimony methods. Johansson (1995) reanalyzed these data plus four additional genera from the Ranunculaceae, and the level of resolution is similar to that in his previous report. Hoot (1995) sequenced the chloroplast ATPase F1 subunit b (atpB, 1468 bp), the chloroplast large subunit of rbcL the gene (1397 bp), and the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA, 1671 bp) for 23 genera of the Ranunculaceae.…”

“…Because of this combination of features, it has sometimes been placed outside of the family (Takhtajan, 1987;Dahlgren, 1989;Thorne, 1992). All recent molecular studies indicate that Hydrastis is indeed closely related to the rest of the Ranunculaceae relative to other taxa (Hoot, 1995;Johansson, 1995;Kim and Jansen, 1995;Ro, 1996). Hoot (1991Hoot ( , 1995 advocates placement of Hydrastis in the monotypic family Hydrastidaceae, closely related to the Ranunculaceae.…”

“…The Kosuge and Tamura (1986) allozyme analyses were in conflict with all the previous classifications of the family, suggesting that this technique was inappropriate at that taxonomic level. Johansson and Jansen (1993) performed a restriction site analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from 26 genera of the Ranunculaceae. They used 11 restriction endonucleases and found between 4 and 32 mutations per kilobase.…”

Expansion and Contraction of the Chloroplast Inverted Repeat in Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae

“…Variation in overall size of the IR is common in angiosperms, but such a character cannot readily be used in a phylogenetic analysis because length mutations can occur anywhere within the IR, making homologous size variants difficult to assess. Specific expansions and contractions of border positions of the IR, however, can be used to demarcate monophyletic groups, and these markers have been used previously to delimit major clades in Ranunculaceae (Johansson and Jansen 1993;Hoot and Palmer 1994;Johansson 1998), Berberidaceae (Kim and Jansen 1994), Nicotiana (Goulding et al 1996), Campanulales (Knox and Palmer 1999), Poaceae (Guisinger et al 2010), and monocots (Wang et al 2008). Minor changes in IR junction positions ( 100 bp) are more common (Goulding et al 1996), but this increased frequency suggests that they would not make very reliable phylogenetic markers.…”