A revised empirical model to calculate the dynamic viscosity of H2O NaCl fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures (≤1000 °C, ≤500 MPa, 0–100 wt % NaCl)

Abstract

Examination of viscosities for the fluids in the system H 2 O-NaCl predicted by 12 the commonly-used model of Palliser and McKibbin has identified regions of pressure-13 temperature-salinity (PTx) space in which the model delivers values that are inconsistent 14 with some experimental data and exhibits discontinuities and trends that are unexpected. 15Here, we describe a revised empirical model to calculate viscosity of H 2 O-NaCl fluids that 16shows good correlation with experimental values and shows trends that are consistent with 17 known or expected behavior outside of the region where experimental data are available. 18The model described here is valid over the temperature range from the H 2 O solidus (~0 19 °C) to ~1,000 °C, from ~0.1 MPa to ≤500 MPa, and for salinities from 0-100 wt.% NaCl. 20 21 Keywords H 2 O-NaCl fluid, viscosity, transport properties, numerical model 22 While the one-component system H 2 O is a reasonable approximation for the 41 composition of many low-salinity aqueous hydrothermal fluids, the fact that H 2 O is a one-42 component system results in a phase topology that differs significantly from that of multi-43 component fluids. An important difference in phase topology of the one component H 2 O 44 system, compared to multi-component fluid systems, is that in a one component system 45 liquid and vapor only coexist along the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve that terminates at a 46 critical end point (Figure 1a; C.P.), beyond which only a single-phase (supercritical) fluid 47 may exist. Additionally, at temperatures above the critical temperature in a one-component 48 system such as H 2 O, all physical and thermodynamic properties of the fluid vary smoothly 49 and continuously with changing temperature and pressure, and no discontinuities in fluid 50 properties occur. Over the past several decades, a large experimental database describing 51

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

“…The pure water properties were calculated from the Wagner-Pruß EoS [44] and the IAPWS 2008 formulation for the dynamic viscosity [47]. The equivalent temperature T q for each property was defined as T q = a + bT where the coefficients a and b were functions of T and x (see Driesner et al [52,53] and Klyukin et al [54] for the numerical details). Then, the isothermal compressibility (κ T ) and heat capacity (c p ) were obtained from the density and enthalpy data by performing a numerical differentiation.…”

Chemical responses to hydraulic fracturing and wolframite precipitation in the vein-type tungsten deposits of southern China

“…Bando et al, 2004;Fleury and Deschamps, 2009;Islam and Carlson, 2012;Kumagai and Yokoyama, 1999). Klyukin et al (2017) developed an empirical model for the viscosity of H 2 O-NaCl fluids at T ≤ The fluids released from a CO 2 -bearing magma are early low-salinity CO 2rich fluids followed by more saline CO 2 -free fluids (Baker, 2002;Holloway, 1976). The CO 2 -bearing fluid inclusions in wolframite in the tungsten deposits have a salinity of 0.4-3.6 wt% NaCl equivalent (Chen et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018), and 1-6 wt% NaCl equivalent in quartz (Wang et al, 2012;Xi et al, 2008).…”

Brine Formation and Mobilization in Submarine Hydrothermal Systems: Insights from a Novel Multiphase Hydrothermal Flow Model in the System H2O–NaCl

“…In this way, we ensure that phase boundaries are well resolved and to not cross elements so that the interpolation scheme "knows" on which phase field it operates. Note that the EOS of Driesner and Heinrich (2007) does not include a parameterization of viscosity and we here use the one recently published by Klyukin et al (2017).…”