A revised scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge.

Abstract

Maloney and Ward (1973) attempted to reconceptualize the ecological crisis, not as a technological problem but as a crisis of maladaptive behavior: "Conceptualized in this manner, the solution to such a problem does not lie in traditional technological approaches but rather in the alteration of human behavior" (p. 583). Such alteration, however, is not feasible, perhaps not even possible, until critical population behaviors are assessed adequately. Consequently, the authors further stressed that we must "go to the people" to understand these behaviors. We must determine what the population knows, thinks, feels, and actually does regarding ecology and pollution. "These are necessary antecedent steps that must be made before an attempt can be made to modify critically relevant behaviors" (p. 584).In a preliminary attempt to provide such data, Maloney and Ward (1973) developed a 128-item1 ecological attitude-knowledge scale that was received with considerable interest and requests to use the scale in a variety of research projects. The present study sought to refine and shorten the original scale in an attempt to provide a more practical and efficient instrument and, second, to make the revised scale publicly available. MethodThe original scale was comprised of four subscalcs: verbal commitment (VC), which measures wbal a person states he is willing to do in reference to pollution-environment issues (31 items); actual commitment (AC), which measures what a person actually does in reference to pollutionenvironment issues (36 items); affect (A), which measures the degree of emotionality related to such issues {37 items);

Attitudes toward wildlife species protection: Assessing moderating and mediating effects in the value‐attitude relationship

“…Furthermore, knon,ledge is, at best, only slightly related (with correlations less than .30) IO both environmental values and attitudes (e.g., Arcury, 1990;Borden & Schettino, 1979;Cohen, 1373;Dahlgren, W)wialowski, Dubolz 6i Wright, 1977;Maloney & Ward, 1973;.Maloney et al, 1975;Morgan & Gramman, 1787;Ramsey & Rickson, 1976;1977). hlorgan and Gramman (1989), for example, found that students' knowledge of snakes explained less than 4% of the variance in their attitudes toward snakes; while, Dahlgren et al (1977) reported a correlation of .27 for wildlife knowledge and attitudes toward hunting.…”

Le Comportement Responsable Des Salariés Au Travail: Une Investigation Théorique

“…Cette approche permet au système de gestion de définir ce qui est bien et ce qui ne l'est pas, « le savoir n'est pas fait pour comprendre, il est fait pour trancher » indique Foucault (1971, p.148 (Maloney et al, 1975).…”

Was ist Umweltbewußtsein?

“…"1 Mit dieser Defini tion berücksichtigte der Rat einige der Ergebnisse umweltpsychologischer Forschung, er ignorierte jedoch weitere, wichtige Forschungsresultate. Be reits zu Beginn der Erforschung von Umweltbe wußtsein in den frühen siebziger Jahren wiesen die Ergebnisse von Maloney et al (1973Maloney et al ( , 1975 darauf hin, daß es zweckmäßig wäre, Umweltbewußtsein mehrdimensional zu skalieren. Die Autoren ent wickelten deshalb vier Subskalen zur Messung von Umweltbewußtsein: a) actual commitment b) ver bal commitment c) affect d) knowledge, aus denen die umweltpsychologische Forschung in der Folge zeit die Dimension "tatsächliches umweltbezoge nes Handeln" (= actual commitment) als reine Handlungsdimension aus dem Einstellungskon strukt "Umweltbewußtsein" ausgliederte (oder nur noch als statistische "Kontrollvariable" mitführte).…”