A Revised Stylized Model of the Adult Extrathoracic and Thoracic Airways for Use With the Icrp-66 Human Respiratory Tract Model

Farfán, Eduardo B.; Han, Eun Young; Bolch, Wesley E.; Huh, Chul Haeng; Huston, T.E.

doi:10.1097/00004032-200404000-00002

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A new kidney model composed of 12 interior structures was developed by the same researchers and also adopted by the MIRD committee for publication in MIRD Pamphlet No 19 (Bouchet et al 2003). New models of extrathoracic airways, trachea and extra-pulmonary bronchi regions for adult stylized phantoms were developed for internal dosimetry purposes (Farfán et al 2004). More recently, a series of revised ORNL phantoms were published by the researchers at the University of Florida (Han et al 2006) by adopting the previous improved organ models and matching organ masses to ICRP Publication 89 (ICRP 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the need to revise the arm structure in stylized anthropomorphic phantoms in lateral photon irradiation geometry

Lee

2006

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Distributions of radiation absorbed dose within human anatomy have been estimated through Monte Carlo radiation transport techniques implemented for two different classes of computational anthropomorphic phantoms: (1) mathematical equation-based stylized phantoms and (2) tomographic image-based voxel phantoms. Voxel phantoms constructed from tomographic images of real human anatomy have been actively developed since the late 1980s to overcome the anatomical approximations necessary with stylized phantoms, which themselves have been utilized since the mid 1960s. However, revisions of stylized phantoms have also been pursued in parallel to the development of voxel phantoms since voxel phantoms (1) are initially restricted to the individual-specific anatomy of the person originally imaged, (2) must be restructured on an organ-by-organ basis to conform to reference individual anatomy and (3) cannot easily represent very fine anatomical structures and tissue layers that are thinner than the voxel dimensions of the overall phantom. Although efforts have been made to improve the anatomic realism of stylized phantoms, most of these efforts have been limited to attempts to alter internal organ structures. Aside from the internal organs, the exterior shapes, and especially the arm structures, of stylized phantoms are also far from realistic descriptions of human anatomy, and may cause dosimetry errors in the calculation of organ-absorbed doses for external irradiation scenarios. The present study was intended to highlight the need to revise the existing arm structure within stylized phantoms by comparing organ doses of stylized adult phantoms with those from three adult voxel phantoms in the lateral photon irradiation geometry. The representative stylized phantom, the adult phantom of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) series and two adult male voxel phantoms, KTMAN-2 and VOXTISS8, were employed for Monte Carlo dose calculation, and data from another voxel phantom, VIP-Man, were obtained from literature sources. The absorbed doses for lungs, oesophagus, liver and kidneys that could be affected by arm structures in the lateral irradiation geometry were obtained for both classes of phantoms in lateral monoenergetic photon irradiation geometries. As expected, those organs in the ORNL phantoms received apparently higher absorbed doses than those in the voxel phantoms. The overestimation is mainly attributed to the relatively poor representation of the arm structure in the ORNL phantom in which the arm bones are embedded within the regions describing the phantom's torso. The results of this study suggest that the overestimation of organ doses, due to unrealistic arm representation, should be taken into account when stylized phantoms are employed for equivalent or effective dose estimates, especially in the case of an irradiation scenario with dominating lateral exposure. For such a reason, the stylized phantom arm structure definition should be revised in order to obtain more realistic evaluations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the need to revise the arm structure in stylized anthropomorphic phantoms in lateral photon irradiation geometry

Lee

2006

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…The revised ORNL phantoms were developed by Han et al [12] and included some revisions to the Cristy-Eckerman phantoms [13]. These phantoms include MIRD pamphlet 15 models for head and brain [14], MIRD pamphlet 19 model for kidneys [15], the model published by Mardirossian et al for prostate and rectum [16], and the extra thoracic/thoracic airways model published by Farfan et al [17]. Also, the salivary glands and the mucosa layer of most walled organs were included in the phantoms.…”

Section: Stylized Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second version of InRaDoS, a free computer program for internal dosimetry

Momtaz

Safarnejad

2022

J. Inst.

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The calculation of absorbed and effective doses due to the administration of radiopharmaceuticals needs physical data such as radionuclide's half-life and nuclear decay data. Also, it needs the data on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the body. This process is time-consuming, and there is a possibility of human error in the calculations. Therefore, computer programs were developed to facilitate and speed up the dose calculation. The purpose of this paper is to report the steps taken for the development of the second version of InRaDoS. InRaDoS 2 is a free computer program for internal dosimetry. This program was developed using the tkinter module of Python programming language. The dose calculations were based on the MIRD method and only for adults. The user can calculate the doses for revised ORNL or ICRP adult reference phantoms. For now, 98 and 29 radiopharmaceuticals (138 and 42 biokinetic models) are available for the revised ORNL and ICRP adult reference phantoms, respectively. The results of the InRaDoS 2 show good agreement with the published data and free available software. InRaDoS 2 is freely available for download on GitHub (https://github.com/farzinsafarnejad/InRaDoS-2).

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“…This is usually interesting for applications where only insufficient imaging data is available and anatomic background knowledge is applied (Farfán et al 2004), or anatomical details are unimportant and being deliberately removed.…”

Section: Stylized Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalised Body Counter Calibration Using Anthropometric Parameters

Pölz

Breustedt

2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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Zusammenfassung AbstractBody counting is a method for in vivo activity assessment applied to the monitoring of people with high risk of radionuclide incorporation. Energy-sensitive radiation detectors are arranged relative to the body to quantify radionuclide deposits in anatomical structures, such as lungs, liver and skeleton. This method depends on the specific detection system and is sensitive to the individual anatomy of the person. Accurate activity estimates, which are the basis for dose calculation, require extensive calibration procedures typically involving experimental measurements of anthropomorphic phantoms conforming to a reference person. Current calibration methods offer personalisation for lung and liver counting only with respect to body mass and height and do not specify uncertainties.This work revises and extends the currently applied personalisation methods using radiation transport simulation in combination with computational phantoms derived from medical imaging data. A framework was developed that allows computation of samples of calibration factors for various anatomies in standard measurement setups and anthropometric parameters quantifying anatomic properties. Those samples are applied to create statistical models to derive personalised calibration factors given specific values of anthropometric parameters measured on the person. This gives better estimates in activity assessment and, thereby, dose calculation while quantifying and reducing uncertainties.The framework was implemented in form of an abstract, modular data model, a software tool for modelling, simulation and evaluation of general body counting scenarios, and a statistical analysis method for correlating anthropometric parameters and calibration factors. This allows efficient and reproducible modelling for virtual measurement reconstruction as well as sensitivity analyses. The framework was applied to the calibration of the In Vivo Measurement Laboratory (IVM) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) comprising four freely arrangeable high-purity germanium detectors in lung, liver, knee and head measurement setups. Because of the interindividual anatomical variations in the applied phantoms and iv additional sensitivity analyses, it was possible to give estimates of the expected uncertainties and to reduce them through an algorithmically reproducible approach on calibration.

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A Revised Stylized Model of the Adult Extrathoracic and Thoracic Airways for Use With the Icrp-66 Human Respiratory Tract Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

On the need to revise the arm structure in stylized anthropomorphic phantoms in lateral photon irradiation geometry

On the need to revise the arm structure in stylized anthropomorphic phantoms in lateral photon irradiation geometry

The second version of InRaDoS, a free computer program for internal dosimetry

Personalised Body Counter Calibration Using Anthropometric Parameters

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