A revision of Agaricus section Arvenses with nine new species from China

Agaricus macrochlamys, a New Species from the (Sub)tropical Cloud Forests of North America and the Caribbean, and Agaricus fiardii, a New Synonym of Agaricus subrufescens

“…Agaricus sect. Arvenses is monophyletic and four major clades are recovered, as in Cao et al [5], and except for clade I, which is poorly supported, the remaining clades are moderately (clade II) to well-supported (clade III and clade IV). The 24 new collections are clustered in clade IV: seven of them joined the subclade of A. subrufescens, including the type specimen of A. fiardii; the remaining 17 formed a well-supported sister clade to A. subrufescens, which represents the new species described in our taxonomic treatment.…”

“…Arvenses and the outgroup A. edmondoi L.A. Parra, Cappelli and Callac. Among these, 24 ITS and 11 tef1 sequences were newly generated from this study, and the remaining were retrieved from GenBank and were used in previous studies [2,5,31]. The sample's origin and GenBank accession numbers are listed in Table 1.…”

“…Agaricus L. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) includes saprotrophic mushrooms of medicinal, nutraceutical and nutritional interest. The genus has a worldwide distribution comprising around 580 species [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to Zhao et al [7], the diversity of the genus Agaricus is clearly underestimated.…”

“…Flavoagaricus Wasser. This section is characterized by medium-to-large sized basidiomata, a superous two-layered annulus with conspicuous scales or a radially arranged cogwheel on the lower surface, the context generally turning yellow when bruised or cut with an odor of aniseed or almonds, KOH and Schäffer's reactions immediate and strongly positive, cheilocystidia generally catenulate and the hyphae of the lower surface of the annulus with inflated elements [5,15] In our previous study, an ITS sequence of a specimen (F-2285), collected in Martinique and identified as A. fiardii by J-P. Fiard, the collector of the type, was obtained. This sequence was identified as the ITS type A of A. subrufescens [11], which implied that the type specimen of A. fiardii may, in fact, belong to A. subrufescens, particularly because the type specimen had also been collected in Martinique [18].…”

Species diversity of Basidiomycota

“…Large parts of the studies stem from international collaborations between European and Asian teams (Callac and Chen 2018). In total, 119 new species were described from Asia, representing 63% of the new species described worldwide (Chen et al 2012(Chen et al , 2015(Chen et al , 2016(Chen et al , 2017(Chen et al , 2019aZhao et al 2012Zhao et al , 2013Karunarathna et al 2014;Li et al 2014aThongklang et al 2014Thongklang et al , 2016Ariyawansa et al 2015;Gui et al 2015;He and Zhao 2015;Liu et al 2015aLiu et al , 2020Wang et al 2015b;Dai et al 2016;Kaur et al 2016;Zhao et al 2016a, b;Zhou et al 2016;He et al 2017He et al , 2018aHyde et al 2017;Zhang et al 2017;Bashir et al 2018;Mahdizadeh et al 2018;Hussain and Sher 2019;Phookamsak et al 2019;Zheng et al 2019;Cao et al 2021). Most of these new species were from tropical or subtropical regions, which is a good indication of the potential high species diversity in other unexplored tropical areas.…”