A Revision of Mills's Criteria for Predicting Apple Scab Infection Periods

MacHardy, W. E.; Gadoury, David M.

doi:10.1094/phyto-79-304

Cited by 122 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…In reduced fungicide treatments, weather information was used to time and reduce the number of applications of fungicides. Curatives were applied after monitored infection periods, using infection criteria described by MacHardy & Gadoury (1989). They were only applied if it was considered that fungicide residues were inadequate to prevent infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wint.). Weather information is used in many parts of the world to time curative fungicides immediately after infection periods to try and improve the effectiveness of chemical control (e.g., Jones et al 1980;Ellis et al 1984;MacHardy & Gadoury 1989;Penrose 1989). In New Zealand, a national network of electronic weather stations is remotely accessed by computer (Beresford & Spink 1992), and provides data to be interpreted for black spot infection risk by computer software (Laurenson & Manktelow 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economics of reducing fungicide use by weather‐based disease forecasts for control ofVenturia inaequalisin apples

Beresford

Manktelow

1994

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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In seven field trials conducted over four seasons, black spot incidence was consistently greater in treatments where fungicide use was reduced by timing sprays with weather information compared to standard calendar-based treatments. Fungicide use was measured as the total number of label-rate applications of fungicides with activity against black spot and the individual components of mixed applications of fungicides were counted separately. Over all trials, the mean disease incidence at harvest increased logarithmically as the number of fungicide applications decreased. A regression equation describing disease increase in terms of number of fungicides and number of infection periods was used in an economic analysis of apple production. When the savings from reduced fungicide use were weighed against the increased harvesting and grading costs and revenue losses from increased disease, there appeared to be scope to reduce fungicide use by up to 25 % before increased disease adversely affected profitability. Where disease risk was lower because of fewer infection periods, savings of up to 56% appeared to be feasible. It was concluded, however, that because fruit harvesting and grading costs are a high proportion H93069 Received 12 October 1993; accepted 11 March 1994 of total costs, because they increase with increasing disease incidence and because cost savings from reducing fungicide use are a relatively small proportion of total costs, there is at present little economic incentive for apple growers to reduce fungicide use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of reducing fungicide use by weather‐based disease forecasts for control ofVenturia inaequalisin apples

Beresford

Manktelow

1994

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…Critical apple scab periods were determined by the number of hours of leaf wetness at various temperatures, according to the criteria detailed by Mills (1944) as modified by MacHardy and Gadoury (1989), and these periods were recorded with AVI-MET (Polish scab signalling system, TEXA, Kutno) based on the weather data. Weather monitoring was conducted over three consecutive years, from 2010 to 2012, using four meteorological stations located near the monitored orchards.…”

Section: Scab Warningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Venturia inaequalis races in Poland able to overcome specific apple scab resistance genes

Masny

2016

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of races in populations of the fungus Venturia inaequalis that are able to overcome specific apple scab resistance gene(s) within the major apple-growing areas of Poland. The monitoring was conducted in six orchards located in the north, centre and south of Poland. The study involved the use of 16 differential genotypes for pathogenicity testing conducted under both greenhouse and orchard conditions. In addition, the occurrence of apple scab on 10 apple cultivars containing the Rvi6 gene was assessed in four organic orchards in central Poland. Apple scab was found on their leaves for the first time in Poland in 2010. The use of differential genotypes containing specific resistance genes suggested that 10 apple scab resistance genes had been overcome by V. inaequalis in the orchards monitored in this study.

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“…Estimation of primary infection risk. Conditions suitable for the infection of leaf and fruit tissues by ascospores are identified using the surface wetness duration and temperature criteria of Mills & Laplante (1954), with the modification of MacHardy & Gadoury (1989). The algorithm outputs a continuous variable based on four wetness-based risk categories: nil, light, moderate and severe (Fig.…”

Section: A Ddss That Integrates the Three Components Of The Apple Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Decision Support Systems: Their Impact on Disease Management and Durability of Fungicide Effectiveness

Odile¹,

Carisse²,

David-Mathieu³

et al. 2010

Fungicides

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A Revision of Mills's Criteria for Predicting Apple Scab Infection Periods

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Economics of reducing fungicide use by weather‐based disease forecasts for control ofVenturia inaequalisin apples

Economics of reducing fungicide use by weather‐based disease forecasts for control ofVenturia inaequalisin apples

Occurrence of Venturia inaequalis races in Poland able to overcome specific apple scab resistance genes

Disease Decision Support Systems: Their Impact on Disease Management and Durability of Fungicide Effectiveness

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