A Revision of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination

Sperry, Warren M.; Webb, M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50934-6

Cited by 1,813 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were determined using enzyme assay kits (Cholesterol E test and Triglyceride E test; Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan). Liver lipids were extracted with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) according to the method of Folch et al 12 The concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids were determined by the method of Sperry and Web, 18 Fletcher 19 and Wootton, 20 respectively. Cholesterol ester levels were calculated as the difference between total and free cholesterol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) flesh inhibits triacylglycerol absorption and lowers the risk for development of fatty liver in rats

Sato

Ueda

Nagata

et al. 2011

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) is a cucurbitaceous vegetable native to India and Bangladesh. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn.), a species related to kakrol, has been shown to have pharmacological properties including antidiabetic and antisteatotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary kakrol on lipid metabolism in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-76 formula diets containing 3% freeze-dried powders of whole kakrol or bitter gourd for two weeks. Results showed significantly lowered liver cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in rats fed on both diets. Fecal lipid excretion increased in rats fed the kakrol diet, and lymphatic transport of triacylglycerol and phospholipids decreased in rats fed the kakrol diet after permanent lymph cannulation. Furthermore, n-butanol extract from kakrol caused a significant concentration-dependent decrease in the pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. These results indicate that the mechanisms of action on lipid metabolism in kakrol and bitter gourd are different and that dietary kakrol reduces liver lipids by inhibiting lipid absorption.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) flesh inhibits triacylglycerol absorption and lowers the risk for development of fatty liver in rats

Sato

Ueda

Nagata

et al. 2011

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…The estimation was done on 1 ml. samples of lipid in acetone-ethanol by treatment with alkali and digitonin as described by Sperry & Webb (1950). The resulting cholesterol precipitate was dissolved in glacial acetic acid and the colour developed with ferric chloride reagent as des cribed by MacIntyre & Ralston (1954) for serum cholesterol analysis.…”

Section: Fat Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…they undergo oxidation or are re-synthesized to triglyceride (Stein & Shapiro 1959) and complexed with protein to form lipoprotein. I t is in this form that the liver secretes triglyceride into the circulation (Olson & Vester i960) via the hepatic sinusoid (Havel & Goldfien 1961), a process which probably involves the endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: Hours After Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat accumulation in acute liver injury

Rees

Shotlander

1963

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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In the normal rat there exists a continuous interchange of fat between the fat depots and the liver (a ‘triglyceride cycle’). Fat is transported in the form of non-esterified fatty acids from the depots to the liver via the blood stream. In the liver it is resynthesized to triglyceride, complexed with protein to form lipoprotein and is secreted into the blood stream almost certainly by the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been suggested that a fatty liver may arise by an interruption of this cycle at the site of exit from the liver. This may be the result of either an inhibition in the synthesis of the protein moiety of lipoprotein or damage to the secretory mechanism. Within 2 h of carbon tetrachloride poisoning, an inhibition to both of these processes takes place, whereas with dimethylnitrosamine, inhibition of protein synthesis precedes damage to the secretory mechanism of the endoplasmic reticulum by many hours. In contrast, thioacetamide, which produces liver necrosis without the accumulation of fat, does not have any effect on the ‘triglyceride cycle’.

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“…TAG and DAG were quantified using the Triglyceride-M kit (Wako, Japan) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Total cholesterol (free and esterified) was determined in a separate aliquot of the same extract according to the method of Sperry and Webb [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of Senescence and Steatosis in Hepatocytes as a Consequence of a Shift in the Diacylglycerol/Ceramide Balance at the Plasma Membrane

Deevska

Dotson

Mitov

et al. 2021

Cells

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Ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) are bioactive lipids and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is the single metabolic link between the two, while SMS2 is the only SMS form located at the plasma membrane. SMS2 functions were investigated in HepG2 cell lines stably expressing SMS2. SMS2 overexpression did not alter sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), or ceramide levels. DAG content increased by approx. 40% and led to downregulation of DAG-dependent protein kinase C (PKC). SMS2 overexpression also induced senescence, characterized by positivity for β-galactosidase activity and heterochromatin foci. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited protruded mitochondria and suppressed mitochondrial respiration rates. ATP production and the abundance of Complex V were substantially lower in HepG2-SMS2 cells as compared to controls. SMS2 overexpression was associated with inflammasome activation based on increases in IL-1β and nlpr3 mRNA levels. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited lipid droplet accumulation, constitutive activation of AMPK based on elevated 172Thr phosphorylation, increased AMPK abundance, and insensitivity to insulin suppression of AMPK. Thus, our results show that SMS2 regulates DAG homeostasis and signaling in hepatocytes and also provide proof of principle for the concept that offset in bioactive lipids’ production at the plasma membrane can drive the senescence program in association with steatosis and, seemingly, by cell-autonomous mechanisms.

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A Revision of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination

Cited by 1,813 publications

References 6 publications

Dietary kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) flesh inhibits triacylglycerol absorption and lowers the risk for development of fatty liver in rats

Dietary kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) flesh inhibits triacylglycerol absorption and lowers the risk for development of fatty liver in rats

Fat accumulation in acute liver injury

Onset of Senescence and Steatosis in Hepatocytes as a Consequence of a Shift in the Diacylglycerol/Ceramide Balance at the Plasma Membrane

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