A Revolution toward Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Crop Improvement

Ahmar, Sunny; Saeed, Sumbul; Khan, Muhammad Hafeez Ullah; Khan, Shahid Ullah; Mora‐Poblete, Freddy; Kamran, Muhammad; Faheem, Aroosha; Maqsood, Ambreen; Rauf, Muhammad; Saleem, Saba; Hong, Woo-Jong; Jung, Ki‐Hong

doi:10.3390/ijms21165665

Cited by 83 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…The promising nature of speed breeding not only helps in the study of the genetic aspects but also the introgression of favorable alleles into elite germplasm. Moreover, genomic selection has been demonstrated as a promising breeding strategy to accelerate genetic gain for heterosis breeding [ 178 , 179 , 180 ]. The large-scale genotyping of breeding material through SNP chips and next-generation sequencing has enabled easier and more cost-effective genomic selection.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

Fiaz

Ahmar

Saeed

et al. 2021

IJMS

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A world with zero hunger is possible only through a sustainable increase in food production and distribution and the elimination of poverty. Scientific, logistical, and humanitarian approaches must be employed simultaneously to ensure food security, starting with farmers and breeders and extending to policy makers and governments. The current agricultural production system is facing the challenge of sustainably increasing grain quality and yield and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress under the intensifying pressure of climate change. Under present circumstances, conventional breeding techniques are not sufficient. Innovation in plant breeding is critical in managing agricultural challenges and achieving sustainable crop production. Novel plant breeding techniques, involving a series of developments from genome editing techniques to speed breeding and the integration of omics technology, offer relevant, versatile, cost-effective, and less time-consuming ways of achieving precision in plant breeding. Opportunities to edit agriculturally significant genes now exist as a result of new genome editing techniques. These range from random (physical and chemical mutagens) to non-random meganucleases (MegaN), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), the CRISPR system from Prevotella and Francisella1 (Cpf1), base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE). Genome editing techniques that promote crop improvement through hybrid seed production, induced apomixis, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are prioritized when selecting for genetic gain in a restricted timeframe. The novel CRISPR-associated protein system 9 variants, namely BE and PE, can generate transgene-free plants with more frequency and are therefore being used for knocking out of genes of interest. We provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of genome editing technologies, especially the application of the third-generation genome editing technologies to achieve various plant breeding objectives within the regulatory regimes adopted by various countries. Future development and the optimization of forward and reverse genetics to achieve food security are evaluated.

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Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

Fiaz

Ahmar

Saeed

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) system is considered the most simple and effective sequence‐specific nuclease. It has been used for genome editing in major crops (Ahmar et al, 2020; M. H. U. Khan et al, 2018). It has been efficiently utilized in rapeseed to produce the targeted mutagenesis required to improve agronomic traits, including multilocular silique, plant height and architecture, pod shatter resistance, yellow seeds, fatty acid composition, and disease resistance (Braatz et al, 2017; Hu et al, 2018; Huang et al, 2020; C. Li et al, 2018; Pröbsting et al, 2020; H. Yang, Wu, Tang, Liu, & Dai, 2017; Y. Yang et al, 2018; Zhai et al, 2019, 2020; Zheng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted mutagenesis of EOD3 gene in Brassica napus L. regulates seed production

Khan

Zhu

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Seed size and number are central to the evolutionary fitness of plants and are also crucial for seed production of crops. However, the molecular mechanisms of seed production control are poorly understood in Brassica crops. Here, we report the gene cloning, expression analysis, and functional characterization of the EOD3/CYP78A6 gene in rapeseed. BnaEOD3 has four copies located in two subgenomes, which exhibited a steady higher expression during seed development with differential expression among copies. The targeted mutations of BnaEOD3 gene were efficiently generated by stable transformation of the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) vector. These mutations were stably transmitted to T 1 and T 2 generations and a large collection of homozygous mutants with combined loss-of-function alleles across four BnaEOD3 copies were created for phenotyping. All mutant T 1 lines had shorter siliques, smaller seeds, and an increased number of seeds per silique, in which the quadrable mutants showed the most significant changes in these traits. Consequently, the seed weight per plant in the quadrable mutants increased by 13.9% on average compared with that of wild type, indicating that these BnaEOD3 copies have redundant functions in seed development in rapeseed. The phenotypes of the different allelic combinations of BnaEOD3 copies also revealed gene functional differentiation among the two subgenomes. Cytological observations indicated that the BnaEOD3 could act maternally to promote cotyledon cell expansion and proliferation to regulate seed growth in rapeseed. Collectively, our findings reveal the quantitative involvement of the different BnaEOD3 copies function in seed development, but also provided valuable resources for rapeseed breeding programs.

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“…First, we can select the best candidate(s) using speed editing strategies (CAFRI-Rice) 1 based on protein sequence similarity and coexpression trends among homologous candidate genes with functional redundancy to enable more efficient multiple GE. This online tool remains limited to rice but will soon be updated for other crop species, with the process requiring a maximum of a single day (Ahmar et al, 2020a;Hong et al, 2020). Second, after the selection of candidate genes, the delivery of genetic materials (CRISPR binary vector) can be performed using a different type of nanotube or a different type of delivery method according to the lab facilities.…”

Section: Speedy Crop Improvement Coupled With the Application Of Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tool is based on a phylogenetic heatmap that can estimate the similarity between protein sequences and expression patterns. This CAFRI-Rice-based target selection for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis has accelerated functional genomic studies in rice; moreover, it can also be easily expanded to other plant species (Ahmar et al, 2020b;Hong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement

et al. 2021

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Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements of the growing worldwide population. Genome editing (GE) technology has been used to produce plants with improved yields and nutritional value as well as with higher resilience to herbicides, insects, and diseases. Several GE tools have been developed recently, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases, a customizable and successful method. The main steps of the GE process involve introducing transgenes or CRISPR into plants via specific gene delivery systems. However, GE tools have certain limitations, including time-consuming and complicated protocols, potential tissue damage, DNA incorporation in the host genome, and low transformation efficiency. To overcome these issues, nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking and modern technique. Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery is superior to conventional biomolecular approaches because it enhances the transformation efficiency for both temporal (transient) and permanent (stable) genetic modifications in various plant species. However, with the discoveries of various advanced technologies, certain challenges in developing a short-term breeding strategy in plants remain. Thus, in this review, nanobased delivery systems and plant genetic engineering challenges are discussed in detail. Moreover, we have suggested an effective method to hasten crop improvement programs by combining current technologies, such as speed breeding and CRISPR/Cas, with nanotechnology. The overall aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of nanotechnology-based CRISPR techniques for plant transformation and suggest applications for possible crop enhancement.

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A Revolution toward Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Crop Improvement

Cited by 83 publications

References 203 publications

Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

Targeted mutagenesis of EOD3 gene in Brassica napus L. regulates seed production

Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement

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