A risk assessment of potential agricultural losses due to ambient SO2 in the central regions of Chile

Garcia-Huidobro, T; Marshall, Fiona; Bell, John

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00344-2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering chemical mixtures, it is important to point out that smelters release not only metals but also sulfur dioxide (27) and air particles (28,29). The presence of different metals in particles has been noted around a copper smelter in Mexico (29): all the arsenic, 86% of the copper, and 71% of the lead were concentrated in particles < 2.0 µm, whereas the zinc was located in particles > 2.0 µm (29).…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Human Health and Chemical Mixtures: Problems Facing Developing Countries

Yáñez¹,

Ortiz²,

Calderón³

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In developing countries, chemical mixtures within the vicinity of small-scale enterprises, smelters, mines, agricultural areas, toxic waste disposal sites, etc., often present a health hazard to the populations within those vicinities. Therefore, in these countries, there is a need to study the toxicological effects of mixtures of metals, pesticides, and organic compounds. However, the study of mixtures containing substances such as DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an insecticide banned in developed nations), and mixtures containing contaminants such as fluoride (of concern only in developing countries) merit special attention. Although the studies may have to take into account simultaneous exposures to metals and organic compounds, there is also a need to consider the interaction between chemicals and other specific factors such as nutritional conditions, alcoholism, smoking, infectious diseases, and ethnicity.

show abstract

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Human Health and Chemical Mixtures: Problems Facing Developing Countries

Yáñez¹,

Ortiz²,

Calderón³

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From north to south the climates vary from the extremely dry Atacama Desert to the very wet western Patagonia region. The region of interest in this study is central Chile (30°-41°S), which is economically very important for Chilean agriculture activity (García-Huidobro et al 2001) and is home to over 80% of the country's population (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas 2005). Annual rainfall in the region varies from around 100 to 2000 mm (Miller 1976), and originates mainly from cold fronts associated with migratory low pressure systems embedded in the midlatitude westerlies (Fuenzalida 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiply Nested Regional Climate Simulation for Southern South America: Sensitivity to Model Resolution

Rojas

2006

Monthly Weather Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Results are reported from two 5-month-long simulations for southern South America using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The periods of simulation correspond to May–September 1997 and 1998, which were anomalously wet and dry winters for central Chile, respectively. The model setup includes triply nested, two-way-interacting domains centered over the eastern South Pacific and the western coast of southern South America, with horizontal grid intervals of 135, 45, and 15 km. Boundary conditions are provided from NCEP–NCAR reanalyzed fields. The analysis focuses on two subregions of central Chile (30°–41°S). Region 1 (32°–35°S), which is where the observed interannual precipitation differences are largest, is topographically very complex, with a mean height of the Andes Cordillera around 4500 m. Region 2 (35°–39°S) has relatively smooth terrain, as the mean height of the Andes drops to 3000 m. Station precipitation and temperature data are used for model validation. The model exhibits a negative temperature bias (from 2° to 5°C), as well as a positive precipitation bias (40%–80%). This precipitation bias can be partially explained by a positive moisture bias over the ocean in the model. In addition, these biases are highly correlated to the representation of terrain and station elevation in the model. The highest-resolution domain has the smallest precipitation bias for low-elevation stations, but a large positive bias at high altitudes (up to 300%). It also has a better representation of the spatial distribution of the precipitation, especially in region 1, where topography has a larger impact on the precipitation. Overall, the model domain with highest resolution best reproduces the observed precipitation and temperature, as well as the interannual differences. However, this study also shows that large improvements in the simulations of the surface variables are obtained when downscaling from 135 to 45 km, but much smaller improvements are found when downscaling from 45 to 15 km. These simulations represent the first effort in simulating seasonal precipitation in this topographically complex region of the Southern Hemisphere.

show abstract

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic research activities have been carried out to assess concomitant pollution impacts on agricultural production and food or water security (Tai et al, 2014). Also, very few studies describe the impacts of vegetation on air pollution or vice versa (Escobedo and Nowak, 2009;Escobedo et al, 2008;García-Huidobro et al, 2001;Préndez et al, 2013;Romero et al, 1999). More research on these interactions is needed.…”

Section: Regional Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of air quality in Santiago: The role of mobility and lessons from the science-policy interface

Gallardo

Barraza

Ceballos

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide, urbanization constitutes a major and growing driver of global change and a distinctive feature of the Anthropocene. Thus, urban development paths present opportunities for technological and societal transformations towards energy efficiency and decarbonization, with benefits for both greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution mitigation. This requires a better understanding of the intertwined dynamics of urban energy and land use, emissions, demographics, governance, and societal and biophysical processes. In this study, we address several characteristics of urbanization in Santiago (33.5°S, 70.5°W, 500 m a.s.l.), the capital city of Chile. Specifically, we focus on the multiple links between mobility and air quality, describe the evolution of these two aspects over the past 30 years, and review the role scientific knowledge has played in policy-making. We show evidence of how technological measures (e.g., fuel quality, three-way catalytic converters, diesel particle filters) have been successful in decreasing coarse mode aerosol (PM10) concentrations in Santiago despite increasing urbanization (e.g., population, motorization, urban sprawl). However, we also show that such measures will likely be insufficient if behavioral changes do not achieve an increase in the use of public transportation. Our investigation seeks to inform urban development in the Anthropocene, and our results may be useful for other developing countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean where more than 80% of the population is urban.

show abstract

A risk assessment of potential agricultural losses due to ambient SO2 in the central regions of Chile

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Overview of Human Health and Chemical Mixtures: Problems Facing Developing Countries

Overview of Human Health and Chemical Mixtures: Problems Facing Developing Countries

Multiply Nested Regional Climate Simulation for Southern South America: Sensitivity to Model Resolution

Evolution of air quality in Santiago: The role of mobility and lessons from the science-policy interface

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About