A Roadmap Towards Standards for Neurally Controlled End Effectors

Paek, Andrew; Brantley, Justin; Ravindran, Akshay Sujatha; Nathan, Kevin; He, Yongtian; Eguren, David; Cruz-Garza, Jesús G.; Nakagome, Sho; Wickramasuriya, Dilranjan S.; Chang, Jiajun; Rashed-Al-Mahfuz, Md.; Amin, Md. Rafiul; Bhagat, Nikunj; Contreras-Vidal, José L.

doi:10.1109/ojemb.2021.3059161

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Assessment of motor recovery following rehabilitation with the TWIN-Acta will be the object of future work. Also, novel strategies for maximization of user engagement will be explored, such as brain-driven control ( Paek et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-centered design and development of TWIN-Acta: A novel control suite of the TWIN lower limb exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of persons post-stroke

et al. 2022

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IntroductionDifficulties faced while walking are common symptoms after stroke, significantly reducing the quality of life. Walking recovery is therefore one of the main priorities of rehabilitation. Wearable powered exoskeletons have been developed to provide lower limb assistance and enable training for persons with gait impairments by using typical physiological movement patterns. Exoskeletons were originally designed for individuals without any walking capacities, such as subjects with complete spinal cord injuries. Recent systematic reviews suggested that lower limb exoskeletons could be valid tools to restore independent walking in subjects with residual motor function, such as persons post-stroke. To ensure that devices meet end-user needs, it is important to understand and incorporate their perspectives. However, only a limited number of studies have followed such an approach in the post-stroke population.MethodsThe aim of the study was to identify the end-users needs and to develop a user-centered-based control system for the TWIN lower limb exoskeleton to provide post-stroke rehabilitation. We thus describe the development and validation, by clinical experts, of TWIN-Acta: a novel control suite for TWIN, specifically designed for persons post-stroke. We detailed the conceived control strategy and developmental phases, and reported evaluation sessions performed on healthy clinical experts and people post-stroke to evaluate TWIN-Acta usability, acceptability, and barriers to usage. At each developmental stage, the clinical experts received a one-day training on the TWIN exoskeleton equipped with the TWIN-Acta control suite. Data on usability, acceptability, and limitations to system usage were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.ResultsThe system received overall good usability and acceptability ratings and resulted in a well-conceived and safe approach. All experts gave excellent ratings regarding the possibility of modulating the assistance provided by the exoskeleton during the movement execution and concluded that the TWIN-Acta would be useful in gait rehabilitation for persons post-stroke. The main limit was the low level of system learnability, attributable to the short-time of usage. This issue can be minimized with prolonged training and must be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation.DiscussionThis study showed the potential of the novel control suite TWIN-Acta for gait rehabilitation and efficacy studies are the next step in its evaluation process.

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Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-centered design and development of TWIN-Acta: A novel control suite of the TWIN lower limb exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of persons post-stroke

et al. 2022

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“…The design criteria were based on the recommendations from stakeholder meetings [23][24][25][26]42]. The design choices based on the design factors shown in Figure 1 will be discussed in detail through the following sections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior efforts from the scientific, engineering, medical, regulatory, industrial, and patient-advocate communities [23][24][25][26] have addressed the challenges and opportunities for accelerating the translation of closed-loop BCI systems for medical applications. Some of the key challenges identified in deploying these technologies to end-users include usability, interoperability, accessibility, and mobility, as well as the lack of standards (device, performance, clinical, and end-user metrics).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Mobile EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface

Craik,

González-España,

Alamir

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Objective: We designed and validated a wireless, low-cost, easy-to-use, mobile, dry-electrode headset for scalp electroencephalography (EEG) recordings for closed-loop brain–computer (BCI) interface and internet-of-things (IoT) applications. Approach: The EEG-based BCI headset was designed from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components using a multi-pronged approach that balanced interoperability, cost, portability, usability, form factor, reliability, and closed-loop operation. Main Results: The adjustable headset was designed to accommodate 90% of the population. A patent-pending self-positioning dry electrode bracket allowed for vertical self-positioning while parting the user’s hair to ensure contact of the electrode with the scalp. In the current prototype, five EEG electrodes were incorporated in the electrode bracket spanning the sensorimotor cortices bilaterally, and three skin sensors were included to measure eye movement and blinks. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) provides monitoring of head movements. The EEG amplifier operates with 24-bit resolution up to 500 Hz sampling frequency and can communicate with other devices using 802.11 b/g/n WiFi. It has high signal–to–noise ratio (SNR) and common–mode rejection ratio (CMRR) (121 dB and 110 dB, respectively) and low input noise. In closed-loop BCI mode, the system can operate at 40 Hz, including real-time adaptive noise cancellation and 512 MB of processor memory. It supports LabVIEW as a backend coding language and JavaScript (JS), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and HyperText Markup Language (HTML) as front-end coding languages and includes training and optimization of support vector machine (SVM) neural classifiers. Extensive bench testing supports the technical specifications and human-subject pilot testing of a closed-loop BCI application to support upper-limb rehabilitation and provides proof-of-concept validation for the device’s use at both the clinic and at home. Significance: The usability, interoperability, portability, reliability, and programmability of the proposed wireless closed-loop BCI system provides a low-cost solution for BCI and neurorehabilitation research and IoT applications.

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“…Translating Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) systems onto real applications requires accepted, well-defined criteria to assess their effectiveness, usability, and safety. Benchmarking, specification, and performance evaluation are perceived as main priorities for standardization in the field [292,303,304]. This workshop discussed translational challenges, and ethical issues of BMI systems, as well as existing initiatives to address them.…”

Section: On the Need Of Good Practices And Standards For Benchmarking...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workshops of the eighth international brain–computer interface meeting: BCIs: the next frontier

Huggins

Krusienski

Vansteensel

et al. 2022

Brain-Computer Interfaces

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The Eighth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting was held June 7-9, 2021 in a virtual format. The conference continued the BCI Meeting series' interactive nature with 21 workshops covering the breadth of topics in BCI (also called brain-machine interface) research. Some workshops provided detailed examinations of methods, hardware, or processes. Others focused on BCI applications or user groups. Several workshops continued consensus building efforts designed to create BCI standards and improve comparisons between studies and the potential for meta-analysis and large multi-site clinical trials. Ethical and translational considerations were the primary topic for some workshops or an important secondary consideration for others. The range of BCI applications continues to expand, with more workshops focusing on approaches that can extend beyond the needs of those with physical impairments. This paper summarizes each workshop, provides background information and references for further study, summarizes discussions, and describes the resulting conclusion, challenges, or initiatives.

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A Roadmap Towards Standards for Neurally Controlled End Effectors

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

User-centered design and development of TWIN-Acta: A novel control suite of the TWIN lower limb exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of persons post-stroke

User-centered design and development of TWIN-Acta: A novel control suite of the TWIN lower limb exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of persons post-stroke

Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Mobile EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface

Workshops of the eighth international brain–computer interface meeting: BCIs: the next frontier

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