P44 High throughput stent coating in a fluidized bed apparatus P60 Brain mapping using μECoG signals in the 250-400 Hz band
IntroductionPhacoemulsification is an important ophthalmologic procedure during cataract surgery -the most frequent surgery in humans. Here, the cataractous cortex and nucleus are removed and replaced by an artificial lens. The lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece. The tissue is then aspirated from the eye, while aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of isotonic saline solution. Excess ultrasonic power can damage the sensitive cornea and the capsular bag, thus high effectiveness of the emulsification is desirable. To assess individual parameters effecting the emulsification, usually trials with porcine lenses are carried out, suffering from the biological variability of the test material. Aim of our work thus was to design an evaluation system comprising a test stand and a replacement material for biological lenses.
MethodsTo design the dedicated test stand conventional measuring machines were assessed.To determine the properties of hard lenses, healthy porcine lenses (n=8) were immersed for 160 min in a solution of ethanol, formalin, and 2-propanol in the ratio 4:3:3 at 36°C. After that the lenses' mechanical impedance was tested using a dynamic compression test up to 10 kHz. After curve fitting using an appropriate extended Kelvin model the Shore A -hardness was determined. The density of the lenses was measured by an immersion bath. Based on this data synthetic materials were searched. To assess the evaluation system, emulsification trials with two replacement materials (Ø 9 mm x 6 mm) and a new set of processed porcine lenses were carried out (n=8 each). Here, the time needed to drive the needle 4 mm deep into the material under a constant force of 2 N and 50% ultrasonic power was measured.
ResultsFor the test stand a C-arm-design was chosen. It consists of a rigid base, a vertical linear axis actuated by a forcecontrolled BLDC motor, a tempered retaining fixture to keep the lens in place, and an integrated force sensor to measure the penetrating force. Using LabView software, force and speed of the emulsification probe vertically penetrating the lens can be controlled. The measurements with the processed porcine lenses showed a Shore A -hardness of 78±0.85 and a density of 1.02±0.13 g/cm³. A polysiloxane (Elastosil by Wacker AG, Munich, 78 Shore A , ρ=1.2 g/cm³) and a polyurethane (PMC870 by Smooth-On, Easton, PA, USA, 80 Shore A , ρ=1.02 g/cm³) were chosen. The final testing showed that not all specimens could be evaluated due to various reasons. Porcine lenses (n=5) needed 6.66±0.72 s while the polysiloxane (n=4) needed 16.5±4.9 s and the polyurethane (n=6) needed 35.5±15.0 s.
ConclusionWe were able to set up a working evaluation system to assess the time needed to emulsify processed porcine lenses and two synthetic replacement materials. The mechanical set-up is able to provide a constant driving force. However, first statistical tests showed that the synthetic mat...