A robust cell voltage monitoring system for analysis and diagnosis of fuel cell or battery systems

Design and development of a multipurpose utility AWD electric vehicle with a hybrid powertrain based on PEM fuel cells and batteries

“…In fact, in situ real time monitoring of cell voltages has been used as a predictive system to detect operational failures (gas starvation, cathode flooding, MEA perforation, etc.) that can cause cell potential inversion, and eventually, the stack collapse, as also presented in Brunner et al [25]. For this purpose, an ad hoc PCB has been designed and manufactured.…”

Fuel Cell Condition Monitoring System Based on Interconnected DC–DC Converter and Voltage Monitor

“…A significant discrepancy exists between the laboratory-grade and the commercially available diagnostic and measurement equipment. The trade-off is between the capability of handling fast and precise measurements on one hand and the price on the other [38], [39]. Most of the commercially installed FCVM systems are capable of measuring only the joint voltage of two or more adjacent fuel cells with a rather low sample rate and resolution.…”

Autocorrelation standard deviation and root mean square frequency analysis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell to monitor for hydrogen and air undersupply

“…The prototype that they developed had 200 channels and was capable of 8 readings per cell and a scan rate of 19 cells per second. Brunner et al designed a robust cell voltage monitoring system for fuel cells and battery systems [2]. Their system is based on electromechanical relays to monitor the voltage in order to check for anode flooding and airflow blocking and was designed for use on fuel cell battery hybrid buses.…”