A robust CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation control strategy for multi-zone HVAC systems

Nassif, Nabil

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.018

Cited by 125 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using CO 2 sensors to measure occupancy and manage HVAC systems appears to be an accepted industry practice [5,[16][17][18]. Energy savings due to CO 2 -based demand controlled ventilation can reach up to 34% [3].…”

Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy savings due to CO 2 -based demand controlled ventilation can reach up to 34% [3]. ASHRAE 62.1:2013 [19] stipulates that the difference between indoor and outdoor CO 2 concentration levels (typically at 300-400 ppm) should not exceed 700 ppm.…”

Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another limitation of CO 2 sensors is the additional cost associated with their operation and maintenance of CO 2 sensors [5]. CO 2 sensors are also susceptible to changes in air speed and interference from other gases, which influences their accuracy [22,23].…”

Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because of the association between CO 2 levels and occupancy, making them an important indicator of occupancy [4]. However, one of the major limitations of CO 2 -based, demand-controlled HVAC systems is their high installation, operation and maintenance cost, especially for retrofitting existing buildings [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These systems base their ventilation rates on sensors that can be used to detect the presence or absence of occupants and are thus able to reduce peak energy demand by up to 23% [3]. Currently, most demand-controlled HVAC systems are based on monitoring and controlling carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of using WiFi technologies to detect and predict building occupancy

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents findings of a case-study demonstrating the effectiveness of using WiFi networks to detect occupancy as opposed to CO 2 sensors, commonly used for demand-controlled heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The study took place in one building at the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus in Canada. In a classroom, the number of WiFi connections was collected on an hourly basis over one-week, simultaneously with CO 2 concentration levels at 10-min intervals. The number of occupants in this classroom was also counted on an hourly basis over the same study period. Data analysis showed that WiFi counts predicted actual occupancy levels more accurately than CO 2 concentration levels, thus validating the use of this technology to track occupancy. This study was the first to use both CO 2 concentration and WiFi counts simultaneously as indicators for occupancy. Results demonstrated the possibility of using WiFi counts in large buildings for controlling HVAC systems at a higher accuracy and lower cost than other sensor technologies. Implications and influences: Given the large contribution of HVAC systems to overall buildings' energy consumption, this study presents a new method for efficiently operating HVAC systems. Results highlighted the accuracy of using WiFi connections as predictors for occupancy patterns to be used for controlling HVAC systems instead of CO 2 sensors. These findings provide a foundation for further research on using WiFi networks to manage and operate HVAC systems in new buildings. Efficient operation of these systems based on real-time occupancy as opposed to static schedules provides facility managers with an opportunity for significant energy savings at a relatively low cost.Keywords: buildings energy management / occupancy and energy consumption / smart buildings systems / green buildings / sensor-based HVAC systems

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Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Presence Data Recognition Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of using WiFi technologies to detect and predict building occupancy

et al. 2017

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Entwicklung eines dezentralen kompakten Lüftungssystems für den Einsatz in der minimalinvasiven Gebäudesanierung

et al. 2014

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Ventilation systems are needed in new buildings as well as in the renovation of existing buildings to ensure adequate indoor air quality. Through the use of heat exchangers, the energy loss can be minimized at the same time. Especially in the renovation decentralized ventilation systems can be realized very compact through the combination of fans and heat exchanger in a single component. Currently available devices on the market of this type have a physically limited low fluid mechanical and thermal efficiency. Through an innovative concept both the ventilation efficiency and heat recovery can be increased considerably. System-related properties provide automated moisture recovery during the cold and dry season and enable low investment, operating and maintenance costs through simple installation and high efficiency. The results of fluid mechanical and thermal parameter studies and the resulting optimized system design are presented. Moreover, the concept of an energy-efficient flow balance as well as the summer bypass is introduced and the area of application of the ventilation system in minimally invasive building renovation is discussed

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Ventilation: Thermal Efficiency and Health Aspects

Laverge

2013

Nearly Zero Energy Building Refurbishment

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A robust CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation control strategy for multi-zone HVAC systems

Cited by 125 publications

References 5 publications

Effectiveness of using WiFi technologies to detect and predict building occupancy

Effectiveness of using WiFi technologies to detect and predict building occupancy

Entwicklung eines dezentralen kompakten Lüftungssystems für den Einsatz in der minimalinvasiven Gebäudesanierung

Ventilation: Thermal Efficiency and Health Aspects

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