A Robust Coordinated Expansion Planning Model For Wind Farm-Integrated Power Systems With Flexibility Sources Using Affine Policies

A Stochastic-Robust Approach for Resilient Microgrid Investment Planning Under Static and Transient Islanding Security Constraints

“…• Without loss of generality, a single-year planning horizon is considered rather than a multi-year one to reach a compromise between accuracy and tractability of the proposed model. • To capture interday/intraday variation/ramping of uncertain loads and power generation of RESs, a sufficient number of representative days (i.e., scenarios) is considered, obtained by the k-means clustering technique [27]. • A single scheduling period of each representative day is considered to be one hour both in grid-connected and islanded modes.…”

“…Additionally, the quadratic line flow expressions are linearized using a piecewise linear approximation [30]. Finally, a constant marginal cost is utilized to eliminate the non-linearity of quadratic cost functions [27]. • It is assumed that an unscheduled islanding event might happen at each period of the representative days considered.…”

A Mathematical Approach to Simultaneously Plan Generation and Transmission Expansion Based on Fault Current Limiters and Reliability Constraints

“…Constraints (7) and (8) ensure that installed new circuits and renewable generation units are within their limits, and if they are constructed at scenario s, they will be available at subsequent scenarios. The active power balance at bus i and power flows through existing and new circuits are restricted by ( 9) and (10), respectively. The operation limits of generators limits and bus angles are enforced by ( 11)- (13).…”

“…In the existing literature, while incorporating N-1 constraints into transmission expansion models is common practice, embedding conditions of SCCs into G&TEP models in the planning phase has been little discussed [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Ignoring SCC constraints may threaten the security of power grids because G&TEP reduces the equivalent network impedance, which, in turn, increases the short-circuit level of substations.…”

“…A key limitation of Sun et al [8] and Moghaddam [9] is that they did not address the N-1 security and SCC constraints. A G&TEP model, including energy storage systems, dynamic thermal rating systems, and optimal line switching, was proposed in other work [10]. Although the suggested algorithm presented a robust model to integrate RESs into power systems, reliability constraints were omitted.…”