A Robust Logo Multiresolution Watermarking Based on Independent Component Analysis Extraction

Robust RDWT-ICA based information hiding

“…Independent component analysis was introduced for extracting the watermark [1] in which watermarked image can be considered as a mixture and required the transform process to get middle frequency sub-bands. This proposal introduces a new intelligent ICA detector which does not require the transform process to separate LH and HL bands for watermark extraction.…”

“…To retain the multi-resolution characteristic, the wavelet filters must be adjusted accordingly at each scale. Specifically, h j 1 The RDWT multi-resolution analysis can be implemented via the filter bank equation:…”

“…Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is a very attractive tool, giving its intrinsic characteristics similar to the theoretical model of the human visual system (HVS) perception. Therefore, a widely used technique is spread spectrum watermarking based on DWT [1,3,4,8]. However, the size of the watermark will depend on the number of iteration of down-sampling when it is embedded.…”

“…drawn significant attention from researchers and there has been intensive research in this area [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14]. Digital watermarking techniques in [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14] have been identified as one of the possible solutions for copyright protection.…”

“…Digital watermarking techniques in [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14] have been identified as one of the possible solutions for copyright protection. The watermark is a pseudo random/logo image which is embedded into digital data by making small modifications on the data.…”