A robust scenario analysis approach to water recycling quantitative microbial risk assessment

Abstract

Aims The growing need to access recycled water as a source for drinking water supply necessitates management of perceived risks. This study aimed to use quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) to evaluate microbiological risks of indirect water recycling. Methods and results Scenario analyses of risk probabilities of pathogen infection were conducted to investigate four key quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model assumptions: treatment process failure, drinking water consumption events per day, inclusion or exclusion of an engineered storage buffer, and treatment process redundancy. Results demonstrated that the proposed water recycling scheme could meet WHO pathogen risk guidelines of ∼10−3 annual risk of infection under 18 simulated scenarios.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Escherichia Coli O157: H7 via drinking water in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

“…In this study, we employed the standard four-step QMRA approach, encompassing hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response analysis, and risk characterization, to evaluate the health risks associated with E. coli O157: H7 contamination in Gaza’s drinking water. Our methodology aligns with similar investigations conducted by researchers worldwide, including studies by Smith et al 29 and Jones et al, 30 who utilized the QMRA framework to assess microbial risks in various waterborne disease outbreaks. The input parameters for our model were derived from both the data collected in our study and relevant scientific literature, ensuring a comprehensive and evidence-based analysis ( Table 1 ).…”

“…The tornado diagram underscores key factors influencing population risks and disease burden estimates, supported by sensitivity analyses conducted in similar contexts. 29 , 30 …”

Application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis to Improve the Quality of the Front Page of Electronic Medical Records in China: Cross-Sectional Data Mapping Analysis

“…Thus, it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the front page of the EMR. There are many risk management tools for investigating the potential problems in an EMR system, such as Expert Delphi [18], scenario analysis method [19], and SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis method [20]. The advantage of Expert Delphi is that everyone's opinions are collected and that of scenario analysis is that it identifies risks by designing multiple possible future scenarios.…”

Implications of <i>de Facto</i> Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

“…Although it is not feasible to eliminate all risks from water recycling used as a source of drinking water supply, it is possible to produce a high-quality water that, from a scientific standpoint, does not present an undue risk and is as safe or even of potentially higher quality than current drinking water supplies, particularly considering de facto reuse. In fact, there are numerous quantitative microbial risk assessments that demonstrate water reuse does not create undue risk of pathogen exposure to those consuming drinking water using recycled water as a source [19] [20] [21]. Similarly, for chemical risks, quantitative relative chemical assessments could be used to compare the quality of recycled water to drinking water supply [22].…”