A Robust Thermal Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Phillips, John B.; Gaines, Richard B.; Blomberg, Jan; Wielen, F.W.M. van der; Dimandja, Jean Marie D.; Green, Vaughn; Granger, James; Patterson, Donald; Racovalis, Laell; Geus, H.J. de; Boer, Jacob de; Haglund, Peter; Lipsky, John; Sinha, Veena; Ledford, Edward B.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990101)22:1<3::aid-jhrc3>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 152 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Precision of the area determination was improved for modulated runs through improved signal-to-noise ratio (see Table 2). Ledford et al [4] have reported similar results with a Sweeper modulator.…”

Section: Mass Conservationmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The valve-type modulator is capable of modulating the effluent several times a second [9], while CO 2 -cooled jet modulator has achieved a frequency of 10 Hz [7]. Sweeper modulator can work up to 1-2 Hz [4] and a longitudinally moving cryogenic system up to 5 Hz [15]. The maximum frequency of semi-rotating cryogenic modulator is 1-3 Hz.…”

Section: Modulation Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in contrast to conventional multidimensional analysis in which only one or a few fractions are subjected to the second-dimension separation. Present modulators include thermal [4], cryogenic [5,6,7] and valve-type devices [8,9]. For recent reviews, see refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-rotating cryogenic modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

et al. 2003

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A laboratory-made cryogenic modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) was constructed and evaluated. Analytes were trapped with carbon dioxide and desorbed with heated GC oven air. The GCxGC system included a non-polar first-dimension column and a semi-polar second-dimension column connected to a flame ionisation detector. A laboratory-written Matlab-based program was used for the data analysis. Peak widths at half height for n-alkanes, obtained with use of new modulator, were at narrowest 60 ms.

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Section: Mass Conservationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Modulation Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-rotating cryogenic modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

et al. 2003

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“…Reservatórios e/ou dutos para abastecimento do fluido criogênico tornam-se necessários (para o caso de sistemas criogênicos 16 sendo progressivamente substituído por outros tipos de moduladores. Uma de suas desvantagens é a limitação quanto ao uso de temperaturas altas.…”

Section: Instrumentação Para Gc × Gcunclassified

“…O modulador em questão apresentou inconvenientes, como baixa durabilidade e dificuldade de confecção. 16 Só no final daquela década, quando moduladores mais convenientes e confiáveis, assim como detectores rápidos e microcomputadores com maiores capacidades de memória e velocidades de processamento se tornaram disponíveis, é que a GC × GC começou realmente a se popularizar. Um levantamento na base de dados do ISI (Web of Science) mostrou que entre 1991 e 2000 apareceram menos de 10 artigos anuais sobre GC × GC; a partir desse ano o número de publicações aumentou bastante, chegando a cerca de 60 publicações anuais entre [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC × GC)

Pedroso¹,

Godoy²,

Fidélis³

et al. 2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 23/11/07; aceito em 30/7/08; publicado na web em 18/12/08 COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC × GC). This paper presents the fundamental principles, instrumentation and selected applications of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). In this technique, introduced in 1991, two capillary columns are coupled and proper modulating interfaces continuously collect the eluate from the first column, transferring it to the second column. The result is a geometric increment in the chromatographic resolution, ensuring separation of extremely complex mixtures in time periods shorter or comparable to those of analysis using conventional gas chromatography and with better detectabilities and sensitivities.

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