A robust two-dimensional model for the pyrolysis of plastic waste driven by self-sustaining smoldering

Modelling Oxygen-Limited and Self-Sustained Smoldering Propagation: Thermochemical Treatment of Food Waste in an Inert Porous Medium

“…For instance, Zanoni et al [34][35][36] simplified the chemical reactions of bitumen smoldering combustion into one-step pyrolysis and one-step char oxidation. Even more simple scheme with just one-step oxidation was also used for smoldering propagation of other fuels such as char [19,42,[45][46][47], peat [40], and oil shale [43,44,55,61]. Besides, multiple-step reaction schemes have been also used in modelling smoldering of polyurethane foam (3-to-5-step) [38,51], peat (5-step) [24,25,39,41,62,63], and coal (5-step) [26].…”

“…Self-sustained smoldering propagation is a complicated thermochemical process that couples chemical reactions with heat and mass transfer in porous media. In the most of mathematic models regardless of porous solid fuels (PSFs) [20, 23-25, 27, 38-44] or condensed fuels in porous media (CFIPM) [33][34][35][36][45][46][47], the governing equations usually consist of (i) one continuity equation for gas flow, (ii) solid species mass conservation equations, (iii) one or two energy conservation equation depending on the local thermal equilibrium or nonequilibrium hypothesis, and (iv) gas species transport equations. More details, valuable perspectives, and recent progresses in terms of mathematic models of smoldering propagation can be found in critical review articles [1,[48][49][50].…”