A role for the cuticular waxes in the environmental control of stomatal development

Holroyd, Geoffrey H.; Hetherington, Alistair M.; Gray, Jo Anna

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00326.x

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although observations from a wide range of species indicate that the average stomatal response is a reduction in density with increasing [CO 2 ], there is nevertheless, considerable variation from large reductions, to no change, to large increases in density (Ferris and Taylor 1994;Ceulemans et al 1995;Woodward and Kelly 1995;Royer 2001;Woodward et al 2002). Current evidence suggests that the regulation of stomatal development in response to environmental change is mechanistically different from those cell-to-cell mechanisms that determine stomatal number and placement by species (Holroyd et al 2002) and is a genetic response Hetherington and Woodward 2003) with the HIC gene identified as a regulator of stomatal numbers. This is an interesting observation since no decrease in stomatal density was found in mature leaves of any individual species at three sites where both woody and herbaceous species were measured after 4 years in FACE (Reid et al 2003) and reductions have rarely been identified in field-grown trees (Norby et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal conductance and not stomatal density determines the long-term reduction in leaf transpiration of poplar in elevated CO2

et al. 2005

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Using a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, poplar trees (Populus x euramericana clone I214) were exposed to either ambient or elevated [CO2] from planting, for a 5-year period during canopy development, closure, coppice and re-growth. In each year, measurements were taken of stomatal density (SD, number mm(-2)) and stomatal index (SI, the proportion of epidermal cells forming stomata). In year 5, measurements were also taken of leaf stomatal conductance (gs, micromol m(-2) s(-1)), photosynthetic CO2 fixation (A, mmol m(-2) s(-1)), instantaneous water-use efficiency (A/E) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 (Ci:Ca). Elevated [CO2] caused reductions in SI in the first year, and in SD in the first 2 years, when the canopy was largely open. In following years, when the canopy had closed, elevated [CO2] had no detectable effects on stomatal numbers or index. In contrast, even after 5 years of exposure to elevated [CO2], gs was reduced, A/E was stimulated, and Ci:Ca was reduced relative to ambient [CO2]. These outcomes from the long-term realistic field conditions of this forest FACE experiment suggest that stomatal numbers (SD and SI) had no role in determining the improved instantaneous leaf-level efficiency of water use under elevated [CO2]. We propose that altered cuticular development during canopy closure may partially explain the changing response of stomata to elevated [CO2], although the mechanism for this remains obscure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal conductance and not stomatal density determines the long-term reduction in leaf transpiration of poplar in elevated CO2

et al. 2005

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“…The similarities between the stomatal reconstruction of paleo-[CO 2 ] and plant photosynthesis and stress physiology derived from epidermal cell density suggest that either abaxial stomatal formation and adaxial epidermal cell development are genetically and developmentally linked (Holroyd et al, 2002) and/or that reduced convective heat loss via transpiration is one of the primary hypothesized causes of plant stress across the TJB (McElwain et al, 1999). The stomatal reconstruction of paleo- [CO 2 ] is based on stomata of Ginkgoales and Stenopteris specimens collected by Thomas Harris during the 1920s from TJB sections in East Greenland compiled into a composite stratigraphy (Harris, 1937), while those specimens analyzed in this study were collected in 2002 from a single site in East Greenland (McElwain et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

On the reconstruction of plant photosynthetic and stress physiology across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary

Haworth¹,

Gallagher²,

Sum³

et al. 2014

Turkish J Earth Sci

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“…Consistent with the role of HIC in epicuticular wax biosynthesis, mutations in two additional epicuticular wax biosynthesis genes, CER1 and CER6, confer significant increases in stomatal density even in the ambient CO 2 levels Holroyd et al 2002). Unlike HIC, CER1 and CER6 affect wax composition in the entire epidermis, including pavement cells (Aarts et al 1995;Fiebig et al 2000).…”

Section: Environmental Control Of Stomatal Patterningmentioning

confidence: 68%

Modes of Action and Functions of ERECTA-family Receptor-like Kinases in Plant Organ Growth and Development

Torii¹

2012

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Final Report Major Research ActivitiesHigher plants constitute the central resource for renewable lignocellulose biomass that can supplement for the world's depleting stores of fossil fuels. As such, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of plant organ growth will provide key knowledge and genetic resources that enables manipulation of plant biomass feedstock for better growth and productivity. The goal of this proposal is to understand how cell proliferation and growth are coordinated during aboveground organ morphogenesis, and how cell-cell signaling mediated by a family of receptor kinases coordinates plant organogenesis. The well-established model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is used for our research to facilitate rapid progress. Specifically, we focus on how ERECTA-family leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RLKs) interact in a synergistic manner to promote organogenesis and pattern formation in Arabidopsis. . Analyze developmental roles of ERECTA-family RLKs in riceThis project was highly successful, resulted in fourteen publications including nine peerreviewed original research articles. One provisional patent has been filed through this DOE funding (although it was not converted into an actual US Patent). Overall, we identified key developmental programs regulated by the ERECTA-family receptor kinases, flower development including male and female reproductive organ development, stem cell maintenance, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Using stomatal patterning as a model, we identified the downstream target transcription factors that direct differentiation of stomata. In contrast, we were not able to achieve analyzing the developmental role of rice ERECTA-family RLKs. This was mainly due to our inability to grow rice in greenhouse setting in Seattle.In summary, we have addressed the critical roles for a family of receptor kinases in coordinating proliferation and differentiation of plants, and we successfully elucidated the downstream targets of this signaling pathway in specifying stomatal patterning. On the other hand, our effort to characterize rice mutants was hampered by the lack of facility and expertise to handle rice. Perhaps investigating 'model' cereals would be better option for a laboratory with no expertise in agricultural research. DOE Energy Biosciences_Final Report DE-FG02-03ER154482 Specific Aim 1: During the funding period, we investigated the role of introns in ERECTA expression as well as the role of a juxtamembrane domain for protein stability.Introns are required for ERECTA expression (Karve et al. 2011 RNA): ERECTA-family RLKs are under complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations. ERECTA coding sequence possesses 26 introns. Interestingly, a cDNA of ERECTA driven by the full-length promoter failed to rescue erecta mutant phenotype, while its genomic region does. We have performed extensive domain-swapping experiments between the genomic and cDNA sequence of ERECTA to address if any specific intron is necessary or sufficient for proper ERECTA mRNA a...

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A role for the cuticular waxes in the environmental control of stomatal development

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Stomatal conductance and not stomatal density determines the long-term reduction in leaf transpiration of poplar in elevated CO2

Stomatal conductance and not stomatal density determines the long-term reduction in leaf transpiration of poplar in elevated CO2

On the reconstruction of plant photosynthetic and stress physiology across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary

Modes of Action and Functions of ERECTA-family Receptor-like Kinases in Plant Organ Growth and Development

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