A Role of PPAR-?? in Androstenediol-Mediated Salutary Effects on Cardiac Function Following Trauma-Hemorrhage

Abstract

The androstenediol-mediated salutary effects on cardiac function following T-H appear to be mediated at least in part via PPAR-gamma activation, which down-regulates IL-6 and iNOS gene expression in the heart.

Effects of Pioglitazone on Survival and Omental Adipocyte Function in Mice with Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture

“…Our laboratory studies of gender dimorphism suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones are critical factors [32]. Effects of sex hormones on physiological functions appear to be mediated in part by PPAR-g activation after trauma-hemorrhage [13]. Women have higher circulating adiponectin levels than men [33].…”

“…In addition to being potent inflammatory regulators, PPAR-g agonists produce antiinflammatory effects in a wide variety of cell types, such as endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells [11,12]. In fact, previous studies have reported that PPAR-g agonists reduce cardiac dysfunction in trauma-hemorrhage shock [13] and attenuate the inflammatory response in sepsis [14]. However, the immunologic roles of adiponectin in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction remain to be clarified.…”

Effects of α/β-androstenediol immune regulating hormones on bone remodeling and apoptosis in osteoblasts

“…A growing body of literature highlights the beneficial effects of iatrogenic administration of ␤-AED given at high dosage in attenuating tissue damage by the inflammatory response, trauma, infection and radiation, while ␣-AED can reverse or inhibit these effects [12,20,[31][32][33]. The exact mechanisms that mediate the effects by ␤-AED are not well established, but many recent studies have implicated the involvement of PPAR␥ activation as one potential mediator [23,34]. There are three subtypes of PPAR, -␣,-␤ and -␥, which are differentially expressed depending on the tissue type [35].…”

Flutamide Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production and Hepatic Injury Following Trauma-Hemorrhage via Estrogen Receptor-related Pathway

“…29 Total RNA was isolated from the left lobe of the liver using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The cDNA was generated from the total RNA samples by using TaqMan Reverse Transcription Reagents (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).…”