A Round Robin study for Selective Laser Sintering of polyamide 12: Microstructural origin of the mechanical properties

Stichel, Thomas; Frick, Thomas; Laumer, Tobias; Tenner, Felix; Hausotte, Tino; Merklein, Marion; Schmidt, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.09.042

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These voids can be minimized by reducing the distance between the adjacent filament. The technique‐induced pores are also found in SLS, where pores are aligned along the layer orientation (coplanar) resulting in anisotropic characteristics …”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

Goh

Yap

Agarwala

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

421

190

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has brought about a revolution in the way we can manufacture complex products with customized features. AM has paved its way in the application areas ranging from aerospace, automotive, consumer to biomedical. AM of composites has attracted special attention due to its promise in improving, modifying, and diversifying the properties of generic materials through introducing reinforcements. This review provides a detailed landscape of fiber‐reinforced composites processed via AM techniques. Different AM processes, various material formulations, and strengths and drawbacks of AM methods are discussed. Emphasis is paid to AM techniques focusing on continuous fibers, as they hold the promise of becoming the next‐generation composite fabrication methodology. The article also tries to identify the potential of AM technology for fiber‐reinforced composites and delves into challenges facing the area.

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Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

Goh

Yap

Agarwala

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

421

190

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“…These results are confirmed by a separate study by Stichel, et al (2017) who found that the specimens with 0° orientation consistently outperformed the vertically aligned specimens. In addition, it was found that the 90° samples showed a significant variability between tests.…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Propertiessupporting

confidence: 73%

UQ eSpace

Fitzpatrick¹

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A local podiatry company has recently purchased a state-of-the-art 3D printer for manufacturing orthotic insoles. The HP Jet Fusion will replace the existing manufacturing techniques which are time consuming and labour intensive. However, due to the innovative printing process, the long-term durability of the material produced by the device is currently unknown. Fatigue is a significant concern in the design of orthotics due to the constant cyclic loading experienced during walking or running. As such, this thesis set out to determine the suitability of the Jet Fusion printer for producing orthotics from a fatigue perspective. Following an extensive literature review, flexural fatigue testing was conducted using the ASTM D7774 standard. The tests compared the Jet Fusion samples to the performance of specimens produced through fused deposition modelling (FDM). The results indicated that the Jet Fusion and FDM samples had fatigue limits of 22.4 MPa and 7.7 MPa respectively. The number of cycles to failure and flexural stress levels were found to be logarithmically correlated for both materials. With the maximum stress experienced by orthotic insoles being in the order of 1 MPa, it was found that both materials had sufficient properties to avoid failure due to fatigue. As such, it has been concluded that from a fatigue perspective, the HP Jet Fusion Printer is suitable for use in manufacturing orthotic insoles. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank my supervisor Dr Gui Wang for taking me on at such short notice. His expertise and guidance throughout this project have been of tremendous help and I am sincerely thankful for his assistance. I would also like to acknowledge: Daniel Graham for his assistance with setting up the testing machines; the UQ Workshop for producing the mounting rig; and iOrthotics for the inspiration for the topic and provision of testing samples. Finally, my heartfelt thanks go to my wonderful family and friends for their endless support and encouragement.

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“…After HIP treatment, the shrinkage of thickness is more conspicuous, while the shrinkage of length and width are nearly the same. It could be speculated that the porosity of sintered specimens in the direction of thickness, that is the vertical building direction, is larger than that of the horizontal direction of powder plane . It reminds us that if the powder density of building direction, which is equivalent to powder accumulation density, could be improved, it is more likely to improve the overall sintered part density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLS is more widely used owing to great advantages of higher molding precision, more environmentally friendly molding process, and with no need for supporting structures compared with other AM technologies . Based on the perspective of inherit properties of raw materials and processing properties in SLS, some researchers focused on studying the influence of formability of material, such as molecular weight, particle morphology, and technological parameters such as laser power, preheating temperature, and scanning interval on structure and properties of sintered parts . Other researchers utilized the processing characteristics of SLS to realize the functionalization of products with composite powder materials, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and biocompatibility .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of post treatment on properties and structure of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene parts prepared by selective laser sintering for biomedical application

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Combined with customization advantage of selective laser sintering (SLS) and excellent performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), it is possible to meet the requirements of artificial joints for biomedical application. However, high viscosity of UHMWPE melt limits the strength of UHMWPE sintered parts. Inspired from metal and ceramic materials, this work aims to improve the performance of UHMWPE parts prepared by SLS using post treatment methods, including heat treatment and hot isostatic pressure (HIP) treatment. Consequently, HIP treatment shows superiority on promoting the performance of UHMWPE sintered parts compared with heat treatment. With the condition of temperature and isostatic pressure, a novel definition of "bonding neck" is given to explain the enhancement of cohesion between each UHMWPE particle in different post treatment. Without any fortifier, the biological safety of artificial joints manufactured by SLS is further guaranteed. Under the isostatic pressure of 12 MPa and temperature of 185 C in HIP treatment, the mechanical strength, tribological performance and other properties are improved dramatically. The tensile strength of the specimen is up to 8.0 MPa, the elongation at break is 99.3%, the impact strength is 8.8 MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.11, the wear rate is 9.3 × 10 −4 mm 3 /Nm and samples do not show cytotoxicity at the same time. K E Y W O R D S heat treatment, HIP treatment, posttreatment, selective laser sintering, UHMWPE

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A Round Robin study for Selective Laser Sintering of polyamide 12: Microstructural origin of the mechanical properties

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

Recent Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

Recent Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

UQ eSpace

An investigation of post treatment on properties and structure of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene parts prepared by selective laser sintering for biomedical application

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