A satellite data driven biophysical modeling approach for estimating northern peatland and tundra CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; fluxes

Watts, Jennifer D.; Kimball, J. S.; Parmentier, Frans‐Jan W.; Sachs, Torsten; Rinne, Janne; Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter C.; Tagesson, Torbern; Jackowicz-Korczyński, Marcin; Aurela, Mika

doi:10.5194/bg-11-1961-2014

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…In such models the methane production typically depends on the available carbon pool development (Li et al, 2016;Oikawa et al, 2017;Raivonen et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2010;Walter & Heimann, 2000;Wania et al, 2010;Watts et al, 2013;Zhuang et al, 2004), in line with our findings. In such models the methane production typically depends on the available carbon pool development (Li et al, 2016;Oikawa et al, 2017;Raivonen et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2010;Walter & Heimann, 2000;Wania et al, 2010;Watts et al, 2013;Zhuang et al, 2004), in line with our findings.…”

Section: Relation Between Methane Emission and Carbon Dioxide Fluxessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The observed links between methane emission and GPP are crucial for development of process-based methane emission models. In such models the methane production typically depends on the available carbon pool development (Li et al, 2016;Oikawa et al, 2017;Raivonen et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2010;Walter & Heimann, 2000;Wania et al, 2010;Watts et al, 2013;Zhuang et al, 2004), in line with our findings. Also, the possibility to remotely observe abiotic and biotic parameters controlling the carbon dioxide exchange of wetland ecosystems (Aurela et al, 2004;Lees et al, 2018;Rinne et al, 2009) may be linked to methane emissions from northern peatlands.…”

Section: Relation Between Methane Emission and Carbon Dioxide Fluxessupporting

confidence: 91%

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Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Rinne

Tuittila

Peltola

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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103

109

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We have analyzed decade‐long methane flux data set from a boreal fen, Siikaneva, together with data on environmental parameters and carbon dioxide exchange. The methane flux showed seasonal cycle but no systematic diel cycle. The highest fluxes were observed in July–August with average value of 73 nmol m−2 s−1. Wintertime fluxes were small but positive, with January–March average of 6.7 nmol m−2 s−1. Daily average methane emission correlated best with peat temperatures at 20–35 cm depths. The second highest correlation was with gross primary production (GPP). The best correspondence between emission algorithm and measured fluxes was found for a variable‐slope generalized linear model (r2 = 0.89) with peat temperature at 35 cm depth and GPP as explanatory variables, slopes varying between years. The homogeneity of slope approach indicated that seasonal variation explained 79% of the sum of squares variation of daily average methane emission, the interannual variation in explanatory factors 7.0%, functional change 5.3%, and random variation 9.1%. Significant correlation between interannual variability of growing season methane emission and that of GPP indicates that on interannual time scales GPP controls methane emission variability, crucially for development of process‐based methane emission models. Annual methane emission ranged from 6.0 to 14 gC m−2 and was 2.7 ± 0.4% of annual GPP. Over 10‐year period methane emission was 18% of net ecosystem exchange as carbon. The weak relation of methane emission to water table position indicates that space‐to‐time analogy, used to extrapolate spatial chamber data in time, may not be applicable in seasonal time scales.

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Section: Relation Between Methane Emission and Carbon Dioxide Fluxessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Relation Between Methane Emission and Carbon Dioxide Fluxessupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Rinne

Tuittila

Peltola

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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103

109

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“…On the other hand, cracks in permafrost ice or exposure of gravel layers can lead to drier soils as water drains from the landscape (Liljedahl et al, 2016). Subsidence and increased wetness could be transitional phases during the thaw process, and over the next century, northern permafrost zones are expected to get wetter before they get drier, despite increased precipitation (Lawrence et al, 2015;Watts et al, 2014). Increased soil saturation creates anaerobic soil conditions that limit microbial decomposition rates and could protect SOC from decomposition (Elberling et al, 2013), while drainage is expected to accelerate deep SOC decomposition.…”

Section: 1029/2018jg004619mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of increasing soil moisture with permafrost thaw was of particular interest in this study because thawing soils are expected to become wetter before they become drier (Lawrence et al, 2015;Watts et al, 2014). We hypothesized that Recoδ 13 C would be more negative under wet conditions due to suppressed deep SOC decomposition (H3, Figure 1b).…”

Section: Moisture Effects On Recoδ 13 Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss

et al. 2019

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High latitude warming and permafrost thaw will expose vast stores of deep soil organic carbon (SOC) to decomposition. Thaw also changes water movement causing either wetter or drier soil. The fate of deep SOC under different thaw and moisture conditions is unclear. We measured weekly growing‐season δ13C of ecosystem respiration (Recoδ13C) across thaw and moisture conditions (Shallow‐Dry; Deep‐Dry; Deep‐Wet) in a soil warming manipulation. Deep SOC loss was inferred from known δ13C signatures of plant shoot, root, surface soil, and deep soil respiration. In addition, a 2‐year‐old vegetation removal treatment (No Veg) was used to isolate surface and deep SOC decomposition contributions to Reco. In No Veg, seasonal Recoδ13C indicated that deep SOC loss increased as the soil column thawed, while in vegetated areas, root contributions appeared to dominate Reco. The Recoδ13C differences between Shallow‐Dry and Deep‐Dry were significant but surprisingly small. This most likely suggests that, under dry conditions, soil warming stimulates root and surface SOC respiration with a negative 13C signature that opposes the more positive 13C signal from increased deep SOC respiration. In Deep‐Wet conditions, Recoδ13C suggests reduced deep SOC loss but could also reflect altered diffusion or methane (CH4) dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate that frequent Recoδ13C measurements can detect deep SOC loss and that plants confound the signal. In future studies, soil profile δ13C measurements, vegetation removal across thaw gradients, and isotopic effects of CH4 dynamics could further deconvolute deep SOC loss via surface Reco.

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“…The daily input T s and θ (⩽10 cm soil depth) records were obtained from the NASA GEOS-5 MERRA Land reanalysis archive with native 0.5°× 0.6°resolution and posted to a 25 km resolution polar equal-area scalable earth grid consistent with the AMSR-E Fw data. The MERRA land parameters have been evaluated for high latitude regions, with favorable correspondence in relation to independent satellite microwave and in situ observations (Yi et al 2011, Watts et al 2014. Soil metabolic carbon (C met ) pools obtained from a Terrestrial Carbon Flux (TCF) model (Kimball et al 2009, Yi et al 2013 were used as the substrate for methanogenesis.…”

Section: Model Description and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface water inundation in the boreal-Arctic: potential impacts on regional methane emissions

Watts

Kimball

Bartsch

et al. 2014

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Northern wetlands may be vulnerable to increased carbon losses from methane (CH 4 ), a potent greenhouse gas, under current warming trends. However, the dynamic nature of open water inundation and wetting/drying patterns may constrain regional emissions, offsetting the potential magnitude of methane release. Here we conduct a satellite data driven model investigation of the combined effects of surface warming and moisture variability on high northern latitude (⩾45°N) wetland CH 4 emissions, by considering (1) sub-grid scale changes in fractional water inundation (Fw) at 15 day, monthly and annual intervals using 25 km resolution satellite microwave retrievals, and (2) the impact of recent (2003-11) wetting/drying on northern CH 4 emissions. The model simulations indicate mean summer contributions of 53 Tg CH 4 yr −1 from boreal-Arctic wetlands.Approximately 10% and 16% of the emissions originate from open water and landscapes with emergent vegetation, as determined from respective 15 day Fw means or maximums, and significant increases in regional CH 4 efflux were observed when incorporating satellite observed inundated land fractions into the model simulations at monthly or annual time scales. The satellite Fw record reveals widespread wetting across the Arctic continuous permafrost zone, contrasting with surface drying in boreal Canada, Alaska and western Eurasia. Arctic wetting and summer warming increased wetland emissions by 0.56 Tg CH 4 yr −1 compared to the 2003-11 mean, but this was mainly offset by decreasing emissions (−0.38 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) in sub-Arctic areas experiencing surface drying or cooling. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring changes in surface moisture and temperature when assessing the vulnerability of boreal-Arctic wetlands to enhanced greenhouse gas emissions under a shifting climate.

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A satellite data driven biophysical modeling approach for estimating northern peatland and tundra CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes

Cited by 22 publications

References 138 publications

Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss

Surface water inundation in the boreal-Arctic: potential impacts on regional methane emissions

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