A Satellite-derived Objective Potential Index for MCS Development during the Mei-Yu Period.

Liu, Gin Rong; Liu, Chung Chin; Kuo, Tsung Hua

doi:10.2151/jmsj.80.503

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Meanwhile, simulations focused on the sensitivity to microphysics of real squall line cases are limited, especially in China (Meng et al, 2012(Meng et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2014). MCS in south China pre-monsoon season often initiated within a weaker synoptic forcing environment (Liu et al, 2002;Luo, 2017), which is more difficult to simulate as mentioned above. Herein we investigate the sensitivity of simulations of a well-observed straight squall line during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX; Luo et al, 2017) to various microphysics schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of a Simulated Squall Line During Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment to Parameterization of Microphysics

et al. 2018

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A squall line on 22 May 2014 during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment period is simulated with four bulk microphysical parameterizations (BMPs) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Although most BMPs are able to capture the basic features of the squall line, the movement, morphology, and especially the length of the simulated squall lines differ significantly among BMPs. Morrison scheme tends to simulate a slower moving squall line with a weaker cold pool and better trailing stratiform cloud and precipitation due to the smaller snow fall speed and faster generation of snow particles than other schemes. Assuming hail or graupel in different schemes could result in different melting profiles of rimed‐ice particles, with hail melted substantially below the 0°C isotherm and contributing to the cold pool production significantly in WRF double‐moment six‐class microphysics scheme because of its use of larger fall speed for hail. Although ice‐phase particles simulated differ significantly among BMPs, it is rain evaporation that dominates the cold pool generation and maintenance of the squall line in this case. Stronger rain evaporation generally contributes to stronger cold pools and thus faster movement and longer simulated squall lines. Failure of the Stony Brook University‐YLin scheme in capturing the squall line was identified to be related to the turnoff of rain evaporation once environmental relative humidity is larger than 90%. With modifications of rain evaporation calculation and saturation adjustment method, the scheme is able to simulate this squall line reasonably well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of a Simulated Squall Line During Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment to Parameterization of Microphysics

et al. 2018

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“…The introduction and comparison of different channels precipitation products can be found from Adler et al (2001) and Levizzani et al (2002). Some studies represented retrieval algorithms of rainfall data by analyzing the data obtained from both infrared and passive microwave channels (Todd et al 2001;Chen and Li 2002;Liu et al 2002;Kidd et al 2003;Joyce et al 2004;Huffman et al 2007). The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) rainfall estimation used in this study is the combination of infrared and passive microwave data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias Adjustment of Satellite Precipitation Estimation Using Ground-Based Observation: Mei-Yu Front Case Studies in Taiwan

Yeh

Chuang²,

Peng

et al. 2019

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) was used to estimate the accumulated rainfall in May from the Mei-Yu front in Taiwan. Rainfall estimation from GSMaP during 2002-2017 were evaluated using more than 400 local gauge observations, collected from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB). Studies have demonstrated that the GSMaP rainfall estimation estimates can be biased, depending on the target region, elevation, and season. In this experiment, we have evaluated GSMaP over three elevation ranges. The GSMaP systemic errors for each elevation range were identified and corrected using regression analysis. The results indicated that GSMaP estimation can be improved significantly through adjustment over three elevation ranges (elevation less than 50 m, elevation of 50-100 m, and elevation higher than 100 m). For these three elevation ranges, the correlation coefficient between the GSMaP estimations and CWB rainfall data was 0.76, 0.78, and 0.59, respectively. This indicated that the GSMaP estimation was more accurate for low-elevation regions than high-elevation regions. After the proposed approaches were employed to correct the errors, the bias errors were respectively improved by 5.64(13.7%), 7.33(38.4%) and 10.52(31.2%) mm for low-, mid-and high-elevation regions. This study demonstrated that the local correction approaches can be used to improve GSMaP estimation of Mei-Yu rainfall in Taiwan.

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“…Although the frequencies of SSM/I observations do not include 10.6 GHz and may not be sensitive enough to detect the actual sea surface temperature in regions with high variability of water vapor, the present statistical algorithm may be still valid only for the oceans around South China Sea due to low variability of water vapor. Based upon the method proposed by Konda et al (1996), the modified Bowen ratio method (Liu et al 2002 was employed, where additional improvements were added to reduce the computational difficulty in deriving the near sea surface air temperature in this study. The retrieval model can be written as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing the Growth of Equatorial Typhoon Vamei (2001) from an Energy Standpoint

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Huang³

et al. 2010

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Surprisingly, on 27 December 2001, a storm named Typhoon Vamei formed near in Singaporean waters. An examination on the SSM/I-derived rainfall rates and air-sea parameters showed that significant higher latent heat release and air-sea energy flux during convective rainfall activities played a key role in the typhoon's growth. A quantitative analysis revealed that the energy flux from the ocean to the atmosphere and the latent heat release during the rainfall activities both increased significantly during the initial growth stage. However, the values rapidly decreased just before the storm reached typhoon strength. Separately, in contrast to a case that occurred in 1999, the total thermal energy calculated from Typhoon Vamei's formation was two times higher. Thus, despite a very weak Coriolis force in the equatorial belt, the special terrain of Borneo Island and narrow channel in the equatorial South China Sea caused a Borneo vortex via northeasterly cold surges, together with the accumulated energy was sufficiently strong enough to induce the formation of Typhoon Vamei.

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A Satellite-derived Objective Potential Index for MCS Development during the Mei-Yu Period.

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Sensitivity of a Simulated Squall Line During Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment to Parameterization of Microphysics

Sensitivity of a Simulated Squall Line During Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment to Parameterization of Microphysics

Bias Adjustment of Satellite Precipitation Estimation Using Ground-Based Observation: Mei-Yu Front Case Studies in Taiwan

Diagnosing the Growth of Equatorial Typhoon Vamei (2001) from an Energy Standpoint

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