A Satellite Technique for Quantitatively Mapping Rainfall Rates over the Oceans

Wilheit, T. T.; Chang, A. T. C.; Rao, M. Srinivasa; Rodgers, E. B.; Theon, J. S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0551:astfqm>2.0.co;2

Cited by 298 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Over-ocean precipitation retrievals make use of the strong contrast between the warm, un-polarized emission from rainfall and the cold, polarized ocean surface. Both emission-based (Wilheit et al 1977(Wilheit et al , 1991 and scattering-based (Spencer et al 1989;Grody 1991;Ferraro and Marks 1995) methods are utilized. Over land, precipitation retrievals are far more difficult due to the relatively warm and un-polarized nature of the land surface and the high and variable land-surface emissivity.…”

Section: A12 Land Background and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Product - Status and Future Plans

Wang

Liu

Ferraro

et al. 2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) 2A12 product consists of unique components configured for land and oceanic precipitation retrievals. This design was based on the vastly different physical characteristics of the retrieval, involving primarily emission over ocean and entirely scattering over land. This paper describes the current status of the TRMM Version 6 (V6) 2A12 product over land and envisioned improvements for TRMM TMI V7 and GPM GMI V1.On a global scale, the 2A12 land algorithm exhibits biases when compared with the TRMM 2A25 (Precipitation Radar (PR) based) and rain gauges. These range from 6 percent for GPCC to 20 percent for 2A25. Closer comparison also reveals regional and seasonal biases, with the largest positive biases found in warm-season convective zones and over semi-arid regions. Some negative biases are found in warm-rain precipitation regimes where scattering at 85 GHz is unable to detect a precipitation signal. On an instantaneous time scale, 2A12 land also produces a positive bias when compared with high-quality radar data from Melbourne, Florida, a TRMM ground validation site. The largest discrepancies occur for rain rates of less than 2 mm h -1 . A number of known "anomalies" are highlighted, including overestimation of rainfall in deep convective systems, underestimation in warm-rain regimes, and a number of features associated with the

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Section: A12 Land Background and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Product - Status and Future Plans

Wang

Liu

Ferraro

et al. 2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Effect 1 has been called beamfilling by previous authors, particularly with regard to passive microwave retrievals of rainfall rate (e.g. Wilheit et al, 1977;McCollum and Krajewski, 1998;Kummerow, 1998) and liquid water path in non-precipitating clouds (e.g. Lafont and Guillimet, 2004).…”

Section: Improved Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect has been called beamfilling (Kummerow, 1998;McCollum and Krajewski, 1998;Lafont and Guillimet, 2004). The beamfilling effect was found to be the main source of error in retrieved rainfall rate; a factor of 2 can exist in the mean rain-rate for a given brightness temperature (Wilheit et al, 1977;Lafont and Guillimet, 2004). The beamfilling effect depends mainly on cloud type, and also on cloud shape, and in all case increases with inhomogeneity and mean LWP or rain-rate (Lafont and Guillimet, 2004).…”

Section: The Beamfilling Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D polarised simulations of space-borne passive mm/sub-mm midlatitude cirrus observations: a case study

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Global observations of ice clouds are needed to improve our understanding of their impact on earth's radiation balance and the water-cycle. Passive mm/sub-mm has some advantages compared to other space-borne cloud-ice remote sensing techniques. The physics of scattering makes forward radiative transfer modelling for such instruments challenging. This paper demonstrates the ability of a recently developed RT code, ARTS-MC, to accurately simulate observations of this type for a variety of viewing geometries corresponding to operational (AMSU-B, EOS-MLS) and proposed (CIWSIR) instruments. ARTS-MC employs an adjoint Monte-Carlo method, makes proper account of polarisation, and uses 3-D spherical geometry. The actual field of view characteristics for each instrument are also accounted for. A 3-D midlatitude cirrus scenario is used, which is derived from Chilbolton cloud radar data and a stochastic method for generating 3-D ice water content fields. These demonstration simulations clearly demonstrate the beamfilling effect, significant polarisation effects for non-spherical particles, and also a beamfilling effect with regard to polarisation.

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“…MW sensors can detect rain clouds directly and can provide information about the atmospheric constituents and hydro-meteorological profiles, which are more directly related to the ground precipitation rate [11,12]. Many previous works have developed a number of MW methods to retrieve precipitation [13][14][15]. However, precipitation is not always associated with clouds and the VIS/IR methods cannot detect information below clouds [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Comparison and Evaluation of Remote Sensing Precipitation Products over China from 2005 to 2013

et al. 2018

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Precipitation is a key aspect of the climate system. In this paper, the dependability of five satellite precipitation products (TRMM [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission] To completely evaluate these precipitation products, the annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation averages were calculated. Overall, the Huaihe River and Qinlin mountains are shown to have heavy precipitation to the southeast and lighter precipitation to the northwest. The comparison results indicate that Gauge correction (CMORPH_BLD) improves the quality of the original satellite products (CMORPH_RAW), resulting in the higher correlation coefficient (CC), the low relative bias (BIAS) and root mean square error (RMSE). Over China, the GSMaP_RENALYSIS outperforms other products and shows the highest CC (0.91) and lowest RMSE (0.85 mm/day) and all products except for PERSIANN_CDR exhibit underestimation. GSMaP_RENALYSIS gives the highest of probability of detection (81%), critical success index (63%) and lowest false alarm ratio (36%) while TRMM3BV42 gives the highest of frequency bias index (1.00). Over Tibetan Plateau, CMORPH_RAW demonstrates the poorest performance with the biggest BIAS (4.2 mm/month) and lowest CC (0.22) in December 2013. GSMaP_RENALYSIS displays quite consistent with in situ measurements in summer. However, GSMaP_RENALYSIS and CMORPH_RAW underestimate precipitation over South China. CMORPH_BLD and TRMM3BV42 show consistent with high CC (>0.8) but relatively large RMSE in summer.

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A Satellite Technique for Quantitatively Mapping Rainfall Rates over the Oceans

Cited by 298 publications

References 0 publications

TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Product - Status and Future Plans

TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Product - Status and Future Plans

3-D polarised simulations of space-borne passive mm/sub-mm midlatitude cirrus observations: a case study

Inter-Comparison and Evaluation of Remote Sensing Precipitation Products over China from 2005 to 2013

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