A Sault-outlet-referenced mid- to late-Holocene paleohydrograph for Lake Superior constructed from strandplains of beach ridges

Johnston, John W.; Argyilan, Erin P.; Thompson, Todd A.; Baedke, Steve J.; Lepper, Kenneth; Wilcox, Douglas A.; Forman, Steven L.

doi:10.1139/e2012-057

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Marie outlet and Sand Point (Mainville and Craymer, 2005), lake level at Sand Point is rising ~10 cm/century. Thus, lake level during the Sub-Sault Phase has risen either 1.1 m using the Johnston et al (2012) chronology or 2.2 m from earlier studies.…”

Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…From a series of strandline chronosequences in the Lake Superior basin, Johnston et al (2012) report an infl ection point in the lake-level curve at 1100 ± 100 cal years ago to mark the start of the Sub-Sault Phase. Farrand (1960) estimated that the Sub-Sault phase began ~2200 cal years ago, a date supported by Larsen's (1994) data from Whitefi sh Point east of Grand Marais, Michigan (Fig.…”

Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marie, Johnston et al (2004) and Argyilan et al (2005) initially estimated that the Sub-Sault Phase began 1200 years ago. This age has been revised, fi rst to after ~2400 years ago and possibly ~1400 years ago (Johnston et al, 2007a), and subsequently to 1060 ± 100 years ago (Johnston et al, 2012). During the Sub-Sault Phase and according to the most recent analysis of lake-level gauge data between the Sault Ste.…”

Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, assuming an inverse relationship of beach ridge Region number with age, and if each beach ridge represents ~25 ± 5 years-the rate assumed by Johnston et al (2012) for the Au Train beach ridge chronosequence-then the 38 beach ridges mapped by Castaneda (2009) and shown in Figure 3A correspond to a total growth duration of 760-1140 years. Such a result can be considered only an approximation for the age of Sand Point.…”

Section: Age Model and Evolution Of Sand Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marie by differential rebound (Johnston et al, 2007a(Johnston et al, , 2012. This event separated Lake Superior from Lakes Huron and Michigan, and started a slow transgression of the south shore of Lake Superior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior

Fisher¹,

Krantz²,

Castaneda³

et al. 2014

Coastline and Dune Evolution Along the Great Lakes

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Sand Point is a small cuspate foreland located along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore near Munising, Michigan. Park managers' concerns for the integrity of historic buildings at the northern periphery of the point during the rising lake levels in the mid-1980s greatly elevated the priority of research into the geomorphic history and age of Sand Point. To pursue this priority, we recovered sediment cores from four ponds on Sand Point, assessed subsurface stratigraphy onshore and offshore using geophysical techniques, and interpreted the chronology of events using radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Sand Point formed at the southwest edge of a subaqueous platform whose base is probably constructed of glacial diamicton and outwash. During the post-glacial Nipissing Transgression,

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Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A K E S U P E R I O R L a K E S U P E R I O R L A K E S U mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age Model and Evolution Of Sand Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior

Fisher¹,

Krantz²,

Castaneda³

et al. 2014

Coastline and Dune Evolution Along the Great Lakes

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Hydrological drivers of record‐setting water level rise on Earth's largest lake system

Gronewold

Bruxer

Durnford³

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Between January 2013 and December 2014, water levels on Lake Superior and Lake MichiganHuron, the two largest lakes on Earth by surface area, rose at the highest rate ever recorded for a 2 year period beginning in January and ending in December of the following year. This historic event coincided with below-average air temperatures and extensive winter ice cover across the Great Lakes. It also brought an end to a 15 year period of persistently below-average water levels on Lakes Superior and MichiganHuron that included several months of record-low water levels. To differentiate hydrological drivers behind the recent water level rise, we developed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) routine for inferring historical estimates of the major components of each lake's water budget. Our results indicate that, in 2013, the water level rise on Lake Superior was driven by increased spring runoff and over-lake precipitation. In 2014, reduced over-lake evaporation played a more significant role in Lake Superior's water level rise. The water level rise on Lake Michigan-Huron in 2013 was also due to above-average spring runoff and persistent over-lake precipitation, while in 2014, it was due to a rare combination of below-average evaporation, above-average runoff and precipitation, and very high inflow rates from Lake Superior through the St. Marys River. We expect, in future research, to apply our new framework across the other Laurentian Great Lakes, and to Earth's other large freshwater basins as well.

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Paleoecology provides context for conserving culturally and ecologically important pine forest and barrens communities

Booth,

Schuurman,

Lynch

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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In fire‐prone ecosystems, knowledge of vegetation–fire–climate relationships and the history of fire suppression and Indigenous cultural burning can inform discussions of how to use fire as a management tool, particularly as climate continues to change rapidly. On Wiisaakodewan‐minis/Stockton Island in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore of Wisconsin, USA, structural changes in a pine‐dominated natural area containing a globally rare barrens community occurred after the cessation of cultural burning by the Indigenous Ojibwe people and the imposition of fire‐suppression policies, leading to questions about the historical role of fire in this culturally and ecologically important area. To help understand better the ecological context needed to steward these pine forest and barrens communities, we developed palaeoecological records of vegetation, fire, and hydrological change using pollen, charcoal, and testate amoebae preserved in peat and sediment cores collected from bog and lagoon sediments within the pine‐dominated landscape. Results indicated that fire has been an integral part of Stockton Island ecology for at least 6000 years. Logging in the early 1900s led to persistent changes in island vegetation, and post‐logging fires of the 1920s and 1930s were anomalous in the context of the past millennium, likely reflecting more severe and/or extensive burning than in the past. Before that, the composition and structure of pine forest and barrens had changed little, perhaps due to regular low‐severity surface fires, which may have occurred with a frequency consistent with Indigenous oral histories (~4–8 years). Higher severity fire episodes, indicated by large charcoal peaks above background levels in the records, occurred predominantly during droughts, suggesting that more frequent or more intense droughts in the future may increase fire frequency and severity. The persistence of pine forest and barrens vegetation through past periods of climatic change indicates considerable ecological resistance and resilience. Future persistence in the face of climate changes outside this historical range of variability may depend in part on returning fire to these systems.

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A Sault-outlet-referenced mid- to late-Holocene paleohydrograph for Lake Superior constructed from strandplains of beach ridges

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior

Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior

Hydrological drivers of record‐setting water level rise on Earth's largest lake system

Paleoecology provides context for conserving culturally and ecologically important pine forest and barrens communities

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