“…Performance efficiency is the most commonly studied quality attribute, some of the indicators to quantify performance can be response and reaction time, worst case and average execution time, throughput, CPU, memory, and network utilization, performance under different loads, and energy consumption [37,38,39,40]. Similarly, scalability can be achieved by deploying more nodes, however, node management, SW parallelism, load balancing, devices orchestration, etc., can be a complex process [41,42,43,44]. The standardization of interfaces, protocols, and APIs used in the EC will improve interoperability [45,46].…”