A scanning electron microscope study of L. cuprina larvae and the development of blowfly strike in sheep

Sandeman, R.M.; Collins, Beverly; Carnegie, P. R.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(87)90056-7

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2b,f). This feature is in agreement with similar morphological characters described in the first instars of L. cuprina (Sandeman et al 1987), C. megacephala (Sukontason et al 2003a) and C. rufifacies (Sukontason et al 2003b), further suggesting that the morphology of these spines may help them to anchor to the substrate during locomotion, rake in food during the feeding process, and provide the ability to abrade or irritate skin resulting in myiasis (Sandeman et al 1987). However, these spines are markedly different from the pair of maxillae found in the first instars of the bot fly, Dermatobia hominis (de Filippis and Leite 1997) or flesh fly, Parasarcophaga dux (Sukontason et al 2003c).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphology of immature stages of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for use in forensic entomology applications

et al. 2008

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In forensic investigations, all immature stages of flies (egg, larvae, and puparium) can serve as entomological evidence at death scenes. These insects are primarily used to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI), but can also be involved in the analysis of toxic substances, determining manner of death, and in indicating relocation of a corpse in homicide cases. In this study, we present the morphology of the egg, larvae, and puparium of Hemipyrellia ligurriens, a blow fly species of forensic importance in Thailand. Examination was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The egg stage was found to display a relatively wide plastron region (or median hatch line area) that spans almost the entire length of the egg. The median hatch line is oriented in an upright position. External chorionic sculpture of the egg is present in a hexagonal pattern whose reticular boundaries are slightly elevated. In the larval stages, the most prominent morphological changes were detected upon comparison of the first to the second instar; whereas, the differences between second and third instar larvae were less obvious outside of the increase in number of posterior spiracular slits. Most of the major differences involve body size and structure of the anterior and posterior spiracles. Each anterior spiracle in both the second and third instars projects five to seven papillae apically. Each posterior spiracular disc of a third instar exhibits a complete peritreme, three spiracular slits, and a prominent button that is ventromedially located. The puparium is coarctate and features a clustered bubble membrane comprised of approximately 57 mammillate structures positioned dorsolaterally on each side of the first abdominal segment in young puparia. This feature is replaced by short, tubular respiratory horns in aged puparia. This study provides more detailed exposure of important morphological features that can be used for accurate identification of immature stages of H. ligurriens. Information presented can aid in forensic investigations involving this fly species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphology of immature stages of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for use in forensic entomology applications

et al. 2008

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“…The present study shows that some distinctive characteristics of the puparium of L. cuprina (e.g., intersegmental spines between the prothorax and mesothorax, morphology of anterior and posterior spiracles) remain the same as those that could be seen in the third instar of this species utilizing light microscopy (Sukontason et al 2004). The profile of the posterior spiracle of the L. cuprina puparium in this current study matches that of the third instar of this species that was observed with SEM by Sandeman et al (1987). However, the current study also presents characteristics of the bubble membrane and pupal respiratory horn which were only observed in the puparium under SEM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Surface ultrastructure of the puparia of the blow fly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and flesh fly, Liosarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

et al. 2006

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Surface ultrastructure of the puparia of the blow fly, Lucilia cuprina, and flesh fly, Liosarcophaga dux, are presented utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Emphasis was focused on characteristic features of the puparia that could be used for differentiation from other forensically important fly species. The puparium of L. cuprina typically measures 6.2+/-0.2 mm in length and 2.3+/-0.1 mm in width. Each anterior spiracle contains a single row of 5-7 papillae. The intersegmental spines between the prothorax and mesothorax are triangular with constricted tips. A clustered bubble membrane, comprising about 30 mammillate structures, is positioned dorsolaterally on each side of the first abdominal segment in young puparia but is replaced by short, tubular respiratory horns in aged puparia. The posterior end of the puparium is broadly truncate and bears a pair of medially positioned posterior spiracles that each contains three straight spiracular slits. The puparium of L. dux is larger in comparison to L. cuprina and typically measures 9.9+/-0.3 mm in length and 3.8+/-0.2 mm in width. An anterior spiracle of this species contains 14-17 papillae. The intersegmental spines between the prothorax and mesothorax are broad and triangular. A convoluted structure of unknown function was observed at the dorsolateral edge of segments 5-11. In L. dux, the caudal segment of the puparium is slightly tapered and abruptly truncated and contains a pair of posterior spiracles that are located within a deep concavity in the terminal end. Each posterior spiracular disc appears D-shaped, with a pronounced medial projection and three vertically oriented long, narrow spiracular slits. The anatomical features presented herein may be useful for identification of fly puparia of these two species in future forensic entomological investigations.

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“…Unlike second and third instar larvae, first instar larvae do not possess abrasive mouthhooks. However, skin damage occurs in the first 24 hours after hatching (Sandeman et al 1987); this suggests that mechanisms other than mechanical disruption might be operating to cause lesion development. Hobson (1931) demonstrated the presence of enzymes with some collagenolytic activity in larvae of L. sericata, and Waterhouse and Irzykiewicz (1957) showed the presence of a similar enzyme secreted by the larvae of L. cuprina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Proteolytic and Collagenolytic Enzymes from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina, the Sheep Blowfly

Bowles¹,

Carnegie²,

Sandeman³

1988

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Isoelectric focusing was used to characterize proteolytic enzymes in homogenate and excretory-secretory preparations of the larvae of L. cuprina, the sheep blowfly. Zymogram overlays showed that the larvae produce a number of highly active proteases which have a wide range of isoelectric points and molecular weights. The alkaline and neutral pI proteases were inhibited by phenylmethyl-sulfonylfluoride, leupeptin and aprotinin; this indicated the presence of serine in the active site. Pepstatin and the metal chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid had no effect Oil the activity of any of the proteases. Optimal pH for activity of the proteases was between 7 and 8. In addition, the proteases were found to be heat labile. Digestion of collagen fibrils confirmed the existence of collagenolytic activity in the excretory-secretory enzyme preparations. It is suggested that these enzymes may be involved in the nutrition of the larvae and in the pathogenesis of the lesion on the skin.

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A scanning electron microscope study of L. cuprina larvae and the development of blowfly strike in sheep

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Morphology of immature stages of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for use in forensic entomology applications

Morphology of immature stages of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for use in forensic entomology applications

Surface ultrastructure of the puparia of the blow fly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and flesh fly, Liosarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Characterization of Proteolytic and Collagenolytic Enzymes from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina, the Sheep Blowfly

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