A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of root canal debridement using saline, sodium hypochlorite, and citric acid

Baumgartner, J. Craig; Brown, Carolyn M.; Mader, Carson L.; Peters, Donald D.; Shulman, Jay D.

doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(84)80137-5

Cited by 127 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…28 Thus this study was designed to assess the apical sealing ability of three root canal sealers when these three different irrigation agents were used. Sodium hypochlorite, which is generally used in dental clinics, was effective for cleaning the apical part of root canals, 29 and in concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 % it was effective in removing debris from the root canal. 30 However, in the present study, 2.5% NaOCl was preferred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability in different root canal sealers

2010

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three root canal irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability of three root canal obturation materials: gutta-percha/AH plus or MM-seal and Resilon/ Epiphany SE. A total of 100 teeth with single straight root canals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 samples each, with the other 10 teeth (5 positive and 5 negative) used as controls. Each irrigation group was divided into three groups according to the use of three different root canal obturation materials (n = 10): Gutta-percha with AH plus or MM-seal, Resilon with Epiphany SE. The crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disc under water coolant. The root canals were prepared using step-back technique and irrigation with either sodium hypochlorite (2.5%), chlorhexidine (2%), or MTAD solutions. The roots were obturated with lateral condensation technique using one of the obturation materials. The root surfaces was coated with two layer nail varnish (except apex), placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Irrigation solutions affected the apical sealing ability of all the sealers. The chlorhexidine irrigation solution exhibited higher apical leakage values than did MTAD and NaOCl in all canal sealers, although the MTAD irrigation solution groups showed the least leakage values. The apical sealing ability of AH plus, Epiphany SE and MM-seal root canal sealers decreased when the chlorhexidine was used as an irrigation solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability in different root canal sealers

2010

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“…Concentrations ranging from 1% to 50% have been investigated (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), but 42% citric acid has never been tested before. Wayman et al (24) showed that the use of 10% citric acid and 2.5% NaOCl is a very effective approach for smear layer removal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Smear Layer Removal and Erosion in Apical Intraradicular Dentine With Three Irrigating Solutions: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation

Mancini

Armellin

Casaglia

et al. 2009

Journal of Endodontics

112

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Introduction: This study compared the efficacy of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK), 17% EDTA, and 42% citric acid in endodontic smear layer removal and degree of erosion in the apical third of endodontic canals. Methods: Ninety-six extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomized into four groups (n = 24) and instrumented using System GT nickel-titanium rotary instruments (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK). Each canal was irrigated with one of the following solutions: BioPure MTAD, 17% EDTA, 42% citric acid, or 5.25% NaOCl (control). Next, all specimens were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Results: Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy showed no significant differences among test irrigants in removing the smear layer. However, the efficacy of BioPure MTAD and 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer was significantly greater than 5.25% NaOCl (control). The erosive effects of irrigating solutions could not be evaluated. Conclusions: In conclusion, the protocols used in this study were not sufficient to completely remove the smear layer in the apical third of prepared root canals. (J Endod 2009;35:900-903)

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“…Mechanical instrumentation alone is ineffective at completely removing residual bacteria and necrotic debris 14) . Various materials and techniques have been reported with wide variations in their efficacy regarding the removal of the intra canal smear layer 3,5,15,16) . Alternative methods facilitating clinical work with effective root canal cleaning include laser technology 17,18) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an automated system for root canal irrigation: a scanning electron microscopy study

et al. 2012

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This study evaluated a new automated system using alternative irrigants for root canal cleaning treatments. This method relies on a system inserting an enzymatic solution based on Trypsin flowing inside the pulp chambers and root canals, completely avoiding traditional endodontic instrumentation. Sixty freshly extracted human molar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups to assess 3 regimens (R1-3) differing in 0.25% Trypsin/EDTA and 5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions administration. Scanning electron microscopy observations and scores taking into account changes in dentin tubules were used to assess treatment effects in pulp chambers and roots. Significant changes in root cleaning ability relative to administration timing were observed, with the best results found in R3, with scheduled alternated cycles of Trypsin/EDTA and NaOCl inside the tooth. The non-invasive root canal method demonstrates good teeth cleaning ability independent of root morphology. This equipment may provide lower discomfort levels for patients undergoing endodontic treatment.

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A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of root canal debridement using saline, sodium hypochlorite, and citric acid

Cited by 127 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability in different root canal sealers

The effect of irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability in different root canal sealers

A Comparative Study of Smear Layer Removal and Erosion in Apical Intraradicular Dentine With Three Irrigating Solutions: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation

Evaluation of an automated system for root canal irrigation: a scanning electron microscopy study

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