A schematic model for fragmentation and phase transition in nuclear collisions

Pan, Jicai; Gupta, S. Das

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)01538-n

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A smaller degree of memory loss ensues in models such as those of refs. [10,26,27], where few, if any, particle unbound states are considered. The approach of ref.…”

Section: Influence Of Secondary Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear isotope thermometry

et al. 2000

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We discuss different aspects which could influence temperatures deduced from experimental isotopic yields in the multifragmentation process. It is shown that fluctuations due to the finite size of the system and distortions due to the decay of hot primary fragments conspire to blur the temperature determination in multifragmentation reactions. These facts suggest that caloric curves obtained through isotope thermometers, which were taken as evidence for a first-order phase transition in nuclear matter, should be investigated very carefully.

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“…A smaller degree of memory loss ensues in models such as those of refs. [10,26,27], where few, if any, particle unbound states are considered. The approach of ref.…”

Section: Influence Of Secondary Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear isotope thermometry

et al. 2000

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“…The lattice gas model was developed to describe the liquid-gas phase transition for atomic system by Lee and Yang [16]. The same model has already been applied to nuclear physics for isospin symmetrical systems in the grandcanonical ensemble [17] with a sampling of the canonical ensemble [3,4,18,19,20,21,22], and also for isospin asymmetrical nuclear matter in the mean field approximation [23]. In addition, a classical molecular dynamical model is used to compare its results with the results of lattice gas model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is similar to the Coniglio-Klein's prescription [24] in condensed matter physics and was shown to be valid in LGM [3,4,19,21]. To calculate clusters using MD we propagate the particles from the initial configuration for a long time under the influence of the chosen force.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Information Theory in Nuclear Liquid Gas Phase Transition

1999

Phys. Rev. Lett.

131

146

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Information entropy and Zipf's law in the field of information theory have been used for studying the disassembly of nuclei in the framework of the isospin dependent lattice gas model and molecular dynamical model. We found that the information entropy in the event space is maximum at the phase transition point and the mass of the cluster show exactly inversely to its rank, i.e. Zipf's law appears. Both novel criteria are useful in searching the nuclear liquid gas phase transition experimentally and theoretically. Hot nuclei can be formed in energetic heavy ion collisions (HIC) and may be highly excited. They deexcite by different decay modes, such as multifragmentation. Experimentally, this kind of multifragment emission was observed to evolve with beam energy (excitation energy, or nuclear temperature, ...). Multiplicity, N imf , of intermediate mass fragment (IMF) rises with the beam energy, reaches a maximum, and finally falls to lower value. This phenomenon of the rise and fall of N imf may be related to the liquid gas phase transition in nuclear matter [1]. The onset of multifragmentation probably indicates the coexistence of liquid and gas phases. The mass distribution of IMF distribution can be expressed as power law with parameter τ . The minimum of τ , τ min , occurs when the liquid gas phase transition takes place [2]. However, τ min can also reveal at supercritical densities along the Kertész line [3] and at some subcritical densities at lower temperature [4]. So it is not possible to determine the phase transition only from N imf and τ min .On the other hand, experimentalists measured the nuclear caloric curves, i.e. the relationship between nuclear temperature and the excitation energy. He-Li isotopic temperature from Albergo thermometer [5] for projectilelike Au spectators seems to exhibit a temperature plateau in the excitation energy range of 3 to 10 MeV/u [6]. This plateau was taken as an indication for a first order nuclear liquid gas phase transition. However, due to the changing mass of Au spectators with excitation energy and the side-feeding effect to measured He-Li isotopic temperature, this conclusion is questionable [7]. Nuclear caloric curves were also surveyed by several groups [8]. However, unfortunately, the sharp signature of liquid gas phase transition in macroscopic systems may be smoothed and blurred due to the small numbers of nucleons in nuclei, and/or the difficulty to perform a direct comparison between the measured "apparent" temperature and the "real" temperature interferes obtaining the real nuclear caloric curve. These factors hamper the * Present Address: Cyclotron Institute, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77801 reaching of a definite conclusion on liquid gas phase transition in nuclei.The extraction of critical exponents and the study of critical behavior in finite-size systems were attempted in [9] and were followed by controversial debates [10]. In this context, it is necessary and meaningful to search for some novel signatures to characterize the nuc...

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“…In LGM, ρ f = 0.18ρ 0 and 0.60ρ 0 correspond to 9 3 and 6 3 cubic lattice, respectively. ρ f = 0.38ρ 0 corresponds to 7 3 cubic lattice since in most cases it is chosen, which corresponds to the experimental data between 0.3ρ 0 and 0.4ρ 0 [249,250,251]. For the MD simulation, 0.38ρ 0 was taken in the situations of with/without the Coulomb interactions.…”

Section: System Information Entropy As Liquid-gas Transition Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

2018

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

102

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The general idea of information entropy provided by C.E. Shannon "hangs over everything we do" and can be applied to a great variety of problems once the connection between a distribution and the quantities of interest is found. The Shannon information entropy essentially quantify the information of a quantity with its specific distribution, for which the information entropy based methods have been deeply developed in many scientific areas including physics. The dynamical properties of heavy-ion collisions (HICs) process make it difficult and complex to study the nuclear matter and its evolution, for which Shannon information entropy theory can provide new methods and observables to understand the physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. To better understand the processes of HICs, the main characteristics of typical models, including the quantum molecular dynamics models, thermodynamics models, and statistical models, etc, are briefly introduced. The typical applications of Shannon information theory in HICs are collected, which cover the chaotic behavior in branching process of hadron collisions, the liquid-gas phase transition in HICs, and the isobaric difference scaling phenomenon for intermediate mass fragments produced in HICs of neutron-rich systems. Even though the present applications in heavy-ion collision physics are still relatively simple, it would shed light on key questions we are seeking for. It is suggested to further develop the information entropy methods in nuclear reactions models, as well as to develop new analysis methods to study the properties of nuclear matters in HICs, especially the evolution of dynamics system.

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A schematic model for fragmentation and phase transition in nuclear collisions

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Nuclear isotope thermometry

Nuclear isotope thermometry

Application of Information Theory in Nuclear Liquid Gas Phase Transition

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

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