A scoping review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus during the early outbreak period: Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control

Abstract

Background: The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.Methods: A scoping review of 65 research articles published until January 31, 2020 were analyzed and discussed for a better understanding of the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, publishing dates, journal language, and authors’ affiliations, as well as methodological characteristics were analyzed. All findings and statements that are mentioned regarding the outbreak in this review are based on published information as listed in the references.Results: Most of the publications were in English language (89.23%). The largest proportion of articles were related to causes (38.46%) and majority (67.69%), and were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes while there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control over time. Studies thus far have shown origination in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being discussed for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective, hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Conclusions: There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of 2019-nCoV. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies had relevance to the control of a public emergency, more high-quality research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short-and long-terms.

The level of risk, effects response to potential health emergencies, prevention and control method of COVID-19: A systematic review

“…Similarly, the study conducted in China by [37] agreed that the implementation of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern which was declared by the World Health Organization since after first cases of COVID-19 outbreak happen in China. The Implementation of prevention and control strategies like wearing masks, washing hand using soap and sanitizers for effective hand hygiene care practices, spacing the contact between individuals in order to avoid the public contact, early diagnosis and overall case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines were a most effective way to reduce COVID-19 transmission [37]. This review indicated that the implications for the importance of improving the work environment to increase awareness of the research questions.…”

“…This supported by world health Organization recent report 29, February 2020 found that the application of travel, and import and export system as such trade restrictions to world countries experiencing COVID-19 outbreak has been started to implement in the world continents. However, it is ineffective especially outcomes of social and economic effects, productivity, the resource used for intervention, and all other growth and development stages of every country in the world [37,38].…”

“Safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy used for the management of COVID 19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials”

“…Majority of the confirmed COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic but the potential to transmit the virus continues to be high. (11,12) RT-PCR and rapid antigen tests by collecting saliva swab tests (91% sensitivity) and nasopharyngeal swab test (98% sensitivity) weredone to detect the presence of the COVID- conventional plasma therapy have emerged for use as adjuvants. However, unfortunately, these drug candidates are becoming controversial over time due to various safety and efficacy concerns.…”

System Dynamics Model of Possible Covid-19 Trajectories Under Various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options in a Low Resource Setting

“…Covid-19 a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] [2]continues to ravage the globe with a risk of catastrophic effect if no mitigation measures are put in place including an impending of the overwhelming of health care facilities worldwide . WHO declared Covid-19 an pandemic [3].…”