A scoping review of equitable climate adaptation research in U.S. cities

Abstract

As cities continue to prepare for climate change by developing adaptation plans, previous research has examined the content, creation, and considerations of equity and justice in these plans, particularly across United States cities. Climate adaptation activities create the potential for undue harm on marginalized populations, therefore it is important to understand the state of knowledge on equitable climate adaptation as cities begin implementing their plans. We conducted a scoping review of 15 journal articles on equitable adaptation in United States cities to document theoretical frameworks used and major findings. Studies included in our sample primarily used three different theoretical frameworks, including environmental justice theory, neoliberal urban governance, or just sustainabilities, to analyze how plans were created and their contents. Studies we analyzed indicate that cities were successful at identifying problems or challenges but struggled with articulating how to best engage residents and community members or to grapple with systemic issues. We also developed best practices for adaptation based on recommendations from the studies: have clear implementation guidelines, invest in frontline communities, regulate the private sector, work with community-based organizations, and develop regional planning initiatives. Overall, the state of knowledge is such that cities have taken the first step of creating adaptation plans, but how these plans are implemented will make the true difference for equitable outcomes.