“…With the same objective, several studies (e.g., Cho & Baek, 2019;Nalipay et al, 2023;Fan & Shum, 2023;Phung et al, 2024) have identified factors that significantly impact the teaching quality in HEIs. These factors include individual characteristics of the teachers (Cho & Baek, 2019), psychological characteristics (Nalipay et al, 2023), self-efficacy (Daumiller et al, 2021), teaching motivation (Siostrom et al, 2023), teaching experience (Podolsky et al, 2019;Graham et al, 2020), professional development (Vermunt et al, 2019;Darling-Hammond et al, 2017), student composition (Dietrich & Cohen, 2021), students' feedback (Lazarides & Buchholz, 2019), institutional culture (Lebelo, 2021), and institutional resources (Shattuck, 2014).…”