A Scoping Review of Gender Differences in Suicide in India

Ramesh, Parvathy; Taylor, Peter; McPhillips, Rebecca; Raman, Rajesh N.; Robinson, Catherine

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884657

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Unequal rights in family law with regard to inheritance, and limited access to land and non-land assets, characteristics of Kerala societies, might also have predisposed suicidal ideation among the participants. Additionally, domestic violence and demands for dowry from the husband's family are prevalent discriminatory cultural determinants of suicide in Asian societies ( 40 , 41 ). Women, when exposed to these stressors would end up in self-harm behaviors or suicide, when they find no way out, as divorce and separation are still frowned upon in Indian societies ( 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerabilities and life stressors of people presented to emergency departments with deliberate self-harm; consolidating the experiences to develop a continuum of care using a mixed-method framework

Devassy

Scaria²,

Varghese³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveSuicide is a crucial public health concern. However, the interactions between bio psychosocial vulnerabilities and stressors leading to deliberate self-harm behavior remain unexplored, especially in the Indian context. This study examined the experiences leading to self-harm behavior among people who presented to emergency departments with suicidal attempts.MethodsIn this mixed-methods study, we enrolled 44 patients who presented with self-harm behavior at three tertiary health care facilities between October and December 2019. To collect quantitative data, we employed standardized tools: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), General Help-Seeking Questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Further, we conducted semi-structured interviews to qualitatively explore participants' life experiences and other risk factors. Qualitative analyses were performed using thematic analysis and quantitative descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using STATA software.ResultsThe mean age of subjects were 29.8 years. The mean suicidality score for the patients was 26 (±8.7). In univariate analysis, depression and anxiety were positively associated with suicidality. While help-seeking behavior and resilience were negatively associated with suicidality. Qualitative results were centered on three major themes; life stressors, family related stressors, and social support-related vulnerabilities. The subjects' lived experiences were introduced in the backdrop of the interplay of vulnerabilities and stressors.ConclusionThe biopsychosocial vulnerabilities remain dormant until it is activated by life stressors resulting in severe self-harm behaviors. Mental health team-driven assertive engagement, positive coping, and social support interventions would help prevent reattempts in people with self-harm behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerabilities and life stressors of people presented to emergency departments with deliberate self-harm; consolidating the experiences to develop a continuum of care using a mixed-method framework

Devassy

Scaria²,

Varghese³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The previous reviews conducted on suicidal behavior [ 27 , 28 ] at national and local levels have focused more on the adult and older age groups hence they lack relevant data focusing majorly on adolescents. The accumulation and summarization of the information on the suicidal behavior of adolescents can be beneficial for a better understanding of the patterns and trends of suicidal behavior of Indian adolescents and it can also explain how the major risk factors influence the patterns and trends of suicide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents—A scoping review protocol

et al. 2022

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Introduction Suicide is one of the serious health problems among Indian adolescents. Adolescence helps with the transition of an individual into an adult, so it is important to understand the suicidal behavior of adolescents. Several studies have been carried out in different states in India on the suicidal behavior of adolescents, but there is no review that studied the national patterns, trends, and major risk factors. Therefore, this review aims to study the patterns, trends, and major risk factors of suicidal behavior among Indian adolescents. Methods The study will be conducted as per the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers’ manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Google, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as “patterns”; “suicide”; “trends”; “risk factors”; “depression”; “anxiety”; “mental health”; “adolescent”; “teenager”; and “youth”;” India” etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references. Ethics and dissemination This study does not involve the collection of primary data; there is no requirement of any ethical approval. Strengths and limitations of the study The proposed scoping review is the first study on patterns, trends, and major risk factors of adolescent suicide in India as per the information available on the online platforms. This proposed scoping review will bring together all the previously available data into one place for better study. This evidence-based study will be highly helpful for healthcare professionals and policymakers. This study will be limited to English language and electronically available evidence.

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“…There was a gap between the true incidence of suicide death and the statistics because suicide deaths were not systematically detected. For example, suicide rates are under-reported in some poor countries [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Zhao

et al. 2022

HIV Medicine

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Objective: Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta-analyses to examine gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies written in English. In this review, suicide among people living with HIV includes suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Studies reporting the suicide prevalence among males and females living with HIV were eligible for inclusion in our review. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as the effect size index. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analyses were chosen based on the size of the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 27 studies comprising 801 017 participants from 11 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.0% (95% CI 13.3%-22.8%) in males and 20.8% (95% CI 16.4%-25.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicidal ideation in females living with HIV (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.56; p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.8% (95% CI 9.0%-24.5%) in males and 24.7% (95% CI 12.4%-37.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicide attempts in females living with HIV (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.75; p < 0.05).The pooled prevalence of suicide death was 1.2% (95% CI 0.5%-1.9%) among males and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.3%) among females, and the risk of suicide death between genders was not statistically significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50-1.24; p = 0.298).Conclusions: There were gender differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among people living with HIV. Females living with HIV were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, but there were no statistically significant gender differences in suicide death. Appropriate initiatives to optimize the recognition, treatment, and management suicide behaviours of males and females living with HIV may narrow this gender gap.

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A Scoping Review of Gender Differences in Suicide in India

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Vulnerabilities and life stressors of people presented to emergency departments with deliberate self-harm; consolidating the experiences to develop a continuum of care using a mixed-method framework

Vulnerabilities and life stressors of people presented to emergency departments with deliberate self-harm; consolidating the experiences to develop a continuum of care using a mixed-method framework

The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents—A scoping review protocol

Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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