A Scoping Review of Prognosis Prediction Studies Focusing on Activity and Participation Among Patients with Stroke in Japan

Abstract

Objective: A comprehensive overview of prognosis prediction studies on activity and participation among stroke survivors in Japan is currently lacking. This scoping review aimed to identify outcome measures, study characteristics, gaps, and issues in prognosis prediction studies focusing on activity and participation among patients with stroke in Japan. The study sought to provide guidance for future research. Methods: The PubMed and Ichushi-web databases were searched. Two reviewers independently selected studies according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. After study selection, author names, publication year, aims, study type, study design, study scale, setting, sample size, outcomes, main analysis methods, and main findings were extracted, categorized, and summarized. Results: Eighty-three articles were finally included. The most frequently covered outcomes were activity of daily living (ADL) scores, such as the Functional Independence Measure (34 studies, 39.5%), followed by walking (26 studies, 30.2%). On the other hand, only few studies covered outcomes related to instrumental ADL and social activities, such as return to work and driving resumption. Although the number of studies has been increasing in recent years, 85.5% of the studies were conducted at single centers. Furthermore, only approximately 15% of the studies examined the validity of prediction models and indicators using a validation group. Conclusions: In the future, prognosis prediction studies focusing on multiple aspects of activity and participation, such as instrumental ADL and social activities are required in Japan. Equally important is the generation of high-quality evidence, a goal achievable by promoting multicenter studies and validating existing predictive models and indicators.