A scoping review of the structuring of questions about sexual orientation and gender identity

Young, Sarah K; Bond, Meg A.

doi:10.1002/jcop.23048

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The second reason most cited was the aversion to using a condom, more frequently cited among people with a low educational level. A recent systematic review revealed homosexual men believe that not using condoms represents mutual trust and loyalty between sexual partners, while condom use is a symbol of distrust or suspicion regarding the partner’s HIV status [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

et al. 2023

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Background Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS-2019), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics among individuals aged 18–64 years, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Specifically, the PNS-2019 prevalence estimates of homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual males and females were compared with those from the PCAP-2013. To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott’s correction, was applied. Results Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed higher homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1–4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0–5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8–2.4), respectively. Results from both surveys showed MSM and WSW prevalence estimates increase with educational level, decrease with age, and is larger among people who do not live with partner, live in urban areas and in state capitals. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18–24 and 25–34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. Conclusions The underestimation of MSM and WSW prevalence by self-declared sexual orientation suggests that sexual minorities face many difficulties related to disclosing their sexuality and reinforces the importance of developing public health interventions for changing population attitudes and promoting sexual orientation disclosure. Moreover, the low use of condoms in both surveys (PCAP-2013 and PNS-2019) carried out 6 years apart highlights the need of public policies to expand prevention strategies for HIV infection and other STIs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

et al. 2023

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Factors associated with psychological distress among sexuality and/or gender diverse students at an Australian university: A cross-sectional study

Luu,

Tran,

Johnson

et al. 2025

Mental Health & Prevention

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All employees benefit: arguments that help increase support for affirmative action in academic careers

Komlenac,

Neugebauer,

Birke

et al. 2023

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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The goal of affirmative action programs is to establish equal opportunities for women and men. Past research has focused on one type of affirmative action, namely quotas, and found that the implementation of quotas is often met by a backlash from employees. The current study adds to the literature by investigating fairness and importance perceptions of career development programs offered only to women at Austrian universities or the Austrian Science Fund. Using the model of attitudes toward affirmative action programs the current experimental study tested whether providing participants with information about the benefits (gain-message condition) or costs (loss-message condition) of the implementation of affirmative action programs influenced participants’ perceptions of affirmative action programs. In the current online study, the 510 participants (52.5% cisgender women and 47.5% cisgender men; Mage = 29.5, SD = 9.5) from German-speaking countries in Europe gave on average higher fairness and importance ratings to career development programs offered to all employees than to such programs offered specifically to women. Men in the gain-message condition and loss-message condition gave higher fairness ratings to affirmative action programs than did men in the control condition (i.e., men who read a text that gave no justification for the implementation of affirmative action programs). Men in the gain-message condition also gave higher importance ratings to affirmative action programs than did men in the control condition. Women were not influenced in their ratings by the justification of the implementation of affirmative action programs. Nevertheless, women’s perceptions of affirmative action programs were more favorable than men’s. When implementing affirmative action programs in organizations, providing information that explains why affirmative action is needed and how all employees benefit therefrom can increase support from men who, as seen from past research, are known to be most opposed to affirmative action.

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A scoping review of the structuring of questions about sexual orientation and gender identity

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

Factors associated with psychological distress among sexuality and/or gender diverse students at an Australian university: A cross-sectional study

All employees benefit: arguments that help increase support for affirmative action in academic careers

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