A search for color encoding in the responses of a class of fly interneurons

Bishop, Lewis G.

doi:10.1007/bf00340432

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The mean luminance was lowered, if desired, by placing neutral density filters between the CRT and the eye. The CRT had a P31 phosphor with an emission spectrum peaking at 535 nm and with half-intensity points at 500 nm and 565 nm, measured in photometric units (Dvorak et al, 1980) This spectrum is well suited for stimulating the R1-6 photoreceptors, which are thought to provide the principal input to the movement-detecting neurons (Bishop, 1969;Kirschfeld, 1972;Mc-Cann and Arnett, 1972;Lillywhite and Dvorak, in press).…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial processing of visual information in the movement-detecting pathway of the fly

Srinivasan

Dvorak

1980

J. Comp. Physiol.

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1. Spatial processing of visual signals in the fly's movement-detecting pathway was studied by recording the responses of directionally-selective movement-detecting (DSMD) neurons in the lobula plate. The summarized results pertain to a type of neuron which preferentially responds to horizontal movement directed toward the animal's midline. Three kinds of visual stimuli were used: moving gratings, reversing-contrast gratings and reversing-contrast bars. 2. Contrast-sensitivity functions were measured for reversing-contrast gratings. With horizontally-oriented gratings, sensitivity is maximum at the lowspatial-frequency end and falls off toward high frequencies. With vertically-oriented gratings, sensitivity is maximum at an intermediate spatial frequency (Fig. 7). These results are consistent with a neural organization in which the DSMD neuron receives its input through an array of small-field (" sampling") units, each unit having a receptive field comprising an excitatory centre and horizontally-extending inhibitory flanks (Fig. 17). 3. Threshold contrast functions were measured for reversing-contrast bars (Figs. 11 and 12). The results for horizontally-oriented bars differ from those for vertically-oriented bars in a way that is consistent with the hypothesized neural organization. 4. Response to horizontally-moving, verticallyoriented gratings of various spatial frequencies were measured (Figs. 13 and 14) and the results used to infer the azimuthal angle A~ between the visual axes of sampling units participating in directionally-selectire movement detection (Fig. 18). At a mean luminance of 10 cd/m e, the inferred value of A'~ is approximately equal to the angle between the visual axes of

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Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial processing of visual information in the movement-detecting pathway of the fly

Srinivasan

Dvorak

1980

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…Previous spectral studies of the dipteran compound eye have centered on the spectral sensitivities of optomotor and phototaxic responses (1-3), electroretinograms (ERG's) (2), retinular cell potentials (4), discharge responses of interneurons in the third optic ganglion (5), and on spectral absorption properties of individual rhabdomeres (6,7). Although some inconsistencies in the results have appeared, it is well established that dipterans are visually sensitive to near-ultraviolet radiation and insensitive to wavelengths longer than 650 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it has not been demonstrated from behavioral experiments that flies can discriminate wavelength as do other insects (9,10), recent studies (1,11) of the optomotor response have provided support for the notion that the visual system can be divided into a (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) subsystem and a (7,8) subsystem. Since the two subsystems have different spectral characteristics, a necessary condition for some form of wavelength discrimination capability is satisfied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Answers to such questions were pursued by studying the spectral and polarization sensitivity at various points in the visual nervous system under conditions that would separately accentuate the influence of the (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) or the (7,8) subsystem. Retinular cells were studied by measuring their spectral and polarization sensitivities as well as identifying the subsystem to which they belonged by intracellular staining techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral and Polarization Sensitivity of the Dipteran Visual System

McCann

Arnett

1972

The Journal of General Physiology

120

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Spectral and polarization sensitivity measurements were made at several levels (retina, first and third optic ganglion, cervical connective, behavior) of the dipteran visual nervous system. At all levels, it was possible to reveal contributions from the retinular cell subsystem cells 1 to 6 or the retinular cell subsystem cells 7 and 8 or both. Only retinular cells I to 6 were directly studied, and all possessed the same spectral sensitivity characterized by two approximately equal sensitivity peaks at 350 and 480 nm. All units of both the sustaining and on-off variety in the first optic ganglion exhibited the same spectral sensitivity as that of retinular cells 1 to 6. It was possible to demonstrate for motion detection and optomotor responses two different spectral sensitivities depending upon the spatial wavelength of the stimulus. For long spatial wavelengths, the spectral sensitivity agreed with retinular cells I to 6; however, the spectral sensitivity at short spatial wavelengths was characterized by a single peak at 465 nm reflecting contributions from the (7, 8) subsystem. Although the two subsystems exhibited different spectral sensitivities, the difference was small and no indication of color discrimination mechanisms was observed. Although all retinular cells 1 to 6 exhibited a preferred polarization plane, sustaining and on-off units did not. Likewise, motion detection and optomotor responses were insensitive to the polarization plane for long spatial wavelength stimuli; however, sensitivity to select polarization planes was observed for short spatial wavelengths.

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“…BISHOP (1969BISHOP ( , 1970 found that in the fly these neurons have a broad S(A) with a maximum at 500 nm, uniform intensity functions at different arbitrarily moved to the point oflowest response. As recordings from neurons sensitive to motion are relatively easy to make in the region between the insect's lobula and brain, such neurons were examined for their role in color coding.…”

Section: Visual Interneuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates

Autrum¹,

Bennett

Diehn

et al. 1979

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

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The use of general descriptive namens, trade namcns, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even ifthe former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations. broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. © by Springer.Verlag, Berlin· Heidelberg 1979. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1979 2122/3120·543210 VI Prefacewhere the relationship between form and function is especially close. In the foreground, then, we shall stress biophysics, biochemistry, and behavior. Nevertheless, the number of species cited as examples is quite large. To guard against premature generalization, the particular species studied is named in all of the following discussions; it is clearly a bad habit to speak simply of "the fly". On the other hand, the available variety of animals should not be used as an excuse for multiplying the already far too numerous publications by repetitious experiments revealing only analogous results. Such studies of related species, if they are to be of interest, must pose new questions of their own-whether the approach employed derives from ecology, behavior, biochemistry, or biophysics. Comparative physiology can of course not be limited to the invertebrates. In many chapters vertebrates are drawn into the discussion, either because they have evolved comparable structures or functions or because they differ. Correspondingly, invertebrates are also treated elsewhere in this handbook, in addition to these two parts of Vol. VII; these articles are listed at the end of the Preface. In all cases, repetition has been avoided wherever possible.Part A is concerned primarily with the physiology of photoreceptor cells. It is impossible to draw a strict boundary between this aspect and the central nervous processes, for various reasons. First there is the obvious fact that photoreception does not stop with the photoreceptors. Second, in invertebrates, far more than in vertebrates, the study of vision has begun with and depends on behavioral experiments; as a rule, the biochemical and biophysical work has stemmed from prior analyses of behavioral physiology. Color vision, sensitivity to polarized and UV light, and extraocular photoreception are examples. Circadian periodicity, which is treated briefly, does not yet enjoy a genuine causal analysis; as such, it is a quite distinct behavioral phenomenon.The attentive reader of the contributions to these volumes will find many unsolved problems; the further research progresses, the further the horizon reced...

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A search for color encoding in the responses of a class of fly interneurons

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Spatial processing of visual information in the movement-detecting pathway of the fly

Spatial processing of visual information in the movement-detecting pathway of the fly

Spectral and Polarization Sensitivity of the Dipteran Visual System

Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates

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