A search for energetic neutrons emitted during solar flares

Daniel, R. R.; Gokhale, G. S.; Joseph, George; Lavakare, P. J.; Sekhon, B. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00145532

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A positive flux at the Earth of ~ 10" x neutrons/cm 2 s for 50-500 MeV range has been reported by Daniel et al (1967) in association with a subflare, but Holt (1967), on the base of negative OGO 1 measurements, has raised serious doubt as to whether such a high flux was possible without the detection of decay protons in interplanetary space. No increase higher than 10 ~2 neutrons/cm 2 s has been found by Zych and Frye (1969) for periods after two flares of importance 1, and by Daniel et al (1969) after a 2B-class flare. Of course, no strong particle events have been investigated in this way, and theoretical considerations indicate that a measurable neutron flux could still be detected after such events as that of 1966 September 2 (Lingenfelter and Ramaty, 1967;Lingenfelter, 1969).…”

Section: High Energy Particlesmentioning

confidence: 78%

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10. Solar Activity

Švestka¹,

Jefferies²,

Kiepenheuer³

et al. 1970

Trans. Int. Astron. Union

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The reader is kindly asked to consider this report for some sort of greatly unbalanced equilibrium between the pressure exercised by the steadily increasing flow of papers discussing the vastly extending subject of solar activity, and the equally steady pressure exercised by the editor who insists on having this report twice as short as three years ago. Therefore, some selection of the subjects and papers had to be made, a fairly severe one, since only about one third of all published papers could have been mentioned in the references, and I am well aware that almost everyone who will read the report, could suggest some improvement of the selection scheme. Nevertheless, I believe that the report as it stands, can fulfill its basic purpose, i.e. to give to the readers a general picture on the progress, which has been achieved in the field of solar activity research since the Prague meeting and on some of the research activities which are in progress at the present time.It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the enormous help I have received from the authors of the individual sections of the Draft Report, as well as from many other members of the Commission, who have very kindly provided me, or the co-authors, with useful information on the recent progress of their work. It is necessary to add that some highly valuable comments made by V. Bumba, J. T. Jefferies, C. Sawyer, E. v. P. Smith, B. Valníček and J. M. Wilcox, have also been included in other chapters than those prepared by themselves.

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Section: High Energy Particlesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Probably only a small fraction of flare electrons escape into interplanetary space. , Datlowe et al (1969 with equipment on board OGO-5, and Koechlin et al (1969) on the ESRO satellite HEOS A 1 measured on several occasions an excess flux of > 10 MeV electrons in association with solar flares.…”

Section: High Energy Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

10. Solar Activity

Švestka¹,

Jefferies²,

Kiepenheuer³

et al. 1970

Trans. Int. Astron. Union

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“…(fl Webber and Ormes (1967). (g) Daniel et al (1969). Solar neutron fluxes and upper limits observed at the Earth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A search for neutrons of solar origin using balloon borne detectors 1967?69

1972

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A series of telescopes having approximately a 30 ~ half opening angle and responding to neutrons in the energy range 50 MeV to 350 MeV has been flown to the top of the atmosphere on balloons released from an equatorial launching site at Kampala, Uganda, between 1967 and 1969, The aim of the experiment was to attempt to detect solar neutrons during periods of enhanced solar activity. No neutrons of solar origin were detected, but an upper limit of the order of 30 neutrons m -2 s -1 at the Earth has been placed on the continuous solar neutron flux in the above energy range, and a limit of four photons m -z s -1 has also been placed on the corresponding ),-ray flux above 80 MeV. Limits have likewise been placed on the total emission from various flares. For a 1B flare the values were 23 • 104 neutrons m -2 and 6 • 104 photons m -2.

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“…Before the solar cycle 21, various balloon-borne experiments attempted to detect the predicted neutrons originating from solar flares (Apparao et al 1966;Daniel et al 1967;Hess & Kaifer 1967;Daniel et al 1969;Forrest & Chupp 1969), but none gave convincing results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper limits on the solar-neutron flux at the Yangbajing neutron monitor from BATSE-detected solar flares

Tsuchiya

Miyasaka

Takahashi

et al. 2007

A&A

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Aims. The purpose of this work is to search the data from Yangbajing neutron monitor obtained between 1998 October and 2000 June for the solar neutrons associated with solar flares. Methods. Using the onset times of 166 BATSE-detected flares with the GOES peak flux (1-8 Å) higher than 1.0 × 10 −5 Wm −2 , we prepared a light curve of the Yangbajing neutron monitor for each flare, spanning ±1.5 h from the BATSE onset time. Based on the light curves, a systematic search for solar neutrons in energies above 100 MeV from the 166 flares was performed. No statistically significant signals due to solar neutrons were found. Therefore, we put upper limits on the ≥100 MeV solar-neutron flux for 18 events consisting of 2 X and 16 M class flares. The calculation assumed a power-law shaped neutron energy spectrum and three types of neutron emission profiles at the Sun. Results. Compared with the other positive neutron detections associated with X-class flares, typical 95% confidence level upper limits for the two X-class flares are found to be comparable to the lowest and second lowest neutron fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. In addition, the upper limits for M-class flares scatter in the range of 10 −2 to 1 neutrons cm −2 s −1 . This provides the first upper limits on the solar-neutron flux from M-class solar flares, using space observatories, as well as ground-based neutron monitors.

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A search for energetic neutrons emitted during solar flares

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

10. Solar Activity

10. Solar Activity

A search for neutrons of solar origin using balloon borne detectors 1967?69

Upper limits on the solar-neutron flux at the Yangbajing neutron monitor from BATSE-detected solar flares

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