A search for the top and b′ quarks in hadronic Z0 decays

Akrawy, M. Z.; Alexander, G.; Allison, J.; Allport, P. P.; Anderson, K. J.; Armitage, John C.; Arnison, G.; Ashton, P.; Azuelos, G.; Baines, J. T.; Ball, A. H.; Banks, J.; Barker, G. J.; Barlow, R. J.; Batley, J. R.; Bavaria, G.; Beard, C.; Beck, F.; Bell, K. W.; Bella, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Bloodworth, I. J.; Bock, P.; Boerner, H.; Breuker, H.; Brown, R. M.; Brun, R.; Buijs, A.; Burchart, H. J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R. K.; Carter, A. A.; Carter, J. R.; Chang, C. Y.; Charlton, D. G.; Chrin, J.; Cohen, I.; Conboy, J. E.; Couch, M.; Coupland, M.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Davies, O. W.; Deninno, M.; Dieckmann, A.; Dittmar, M.; Dixit, M. S.; Duchesneau, D.; Duchovni, E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Dumas, D. J.P.; Mamouni, H. El; Elcombe, P. A.; Estabrooks, P. G.; Fabbri, F.; Farthouat, P.; Fischer, H. M.; Fong, D. G.; French, M. T.; Fukunaga, C.; Gandois, B.; Ganel, O.; Gary, J. W.; Geddes, N. I.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geich-Gimbel, Ch.; Gensler, S. W.; Gentit, F. X.; Giacomelli, G.; Gibson, W. R.; Gillies, J. D.; Goldberg, J.; Goodrick, M. J.; Gorn, W.; Granite, D.; Gross, E.; Grosse‐Wiesmann, P.; Grunhaus, J.; Hagedorn, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hansroul, M.; Hargrove, C. K.; Hart, J. C.; Hattersley, P. M.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C. M.; Heflin, E.; Heintze, J.; Hemingway, R. J.; Heuer, R. D.; Hill, J. C.; Hillier, S. J.; Hinde, P. S.; Ho, C.; Hobbs, J.; Hobson, P. R.; Hochman, D.; Holl, B.; Homer, R. J.; Hou, S.; Howarth, C. P.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Igo‐Kemenes, P.; Imori, M.; Imrie, D. C.; Jawahery, A.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jérémie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jin, Elaine W.; Jobes, M.; Jones, Roger; Jovanović, P.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kennedy, B. W.; Kleinwort, C.; Klem, D. E.; Knop, G.; Kobayashi, T.; Köpke, L.; Kokott, T. P.; Koshiba, M.; Kowalewski, R.; Kreutzmann, H.; Krogh, J. von; Kroll, J.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G. D.; Lamarche, F.; Larson, W. J.; Lasota, M. M.B.; Layter, J. G.; Dû, P. Le; Leblanc, P.; Lellouch, D.; Lennert, P.; Lessard, L.; Levinson, L. J.; Lloyd, S. L.; Loebinger, F. K.; Lorah, J. M.; Lorazo, B.; Losty, M. J.; Ludwig, J.; Lupu, N.; Ma, J.; Macbeth, A. A.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Maringer, G.; Martin, J. P.; Mäshimo, T.; Mättig, P.; Maur, U.; McMahon, T. J.; McPherson, A. C.; Meijers, F.; Menszner, D.; Merritt, F. S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Middleton, R. P.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D. J.; Milstène, C.; Minowa, M.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Moss, M. W.; Müller, A.‐S.; Murphy, P. G.; Murray, W. J.; Nellen, B.; Nguyen, H. H.; Nozaki, M.; O'Dowd, A. J.P.; O’Neale, S. W.; O'Neill, B. P.; Oakham, F. G.; Odorici, F.; Ogg, M.; Oh, H.; Oreglia, M. J.; Orito, S.; Patrick, G. N.; Pawley, S. J.; Pérez, A.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Plane, D. E.; Poli, B.; Possoz, A.; Pouladdej, A.; Pritchard, T. W.; Quast, G.; Raab, J.; Redmond, M. W.; Rees, D. L.; Regimbald, M.; Riles, K.; Roach, C. M.; Roehner, F.; Rollnik, A.; Roney, J. M.; Rossi, A. M.; Routenburg, P.; Runge, K.; Runólfsson, Ö.; Sanghera, S.; Sansum, R. A.; Sasaki, M.; Saunders, B. J.; Schaile, A. D.; Schaile, O.; Schappert, W.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schmitt, H. von der; Schreiber, S.; Schwarz, J.; Shapira, A.; Shen, B. C.; Sherwood, P.; Simon, A.; Siroli, G. P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A. M.; Smith, T. J.; Snow, G. A.; Spreadbury, E. J.; Springer, R. W.; Sproston, M.; Stephens, K.; Stier, H. E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Takeda, Hiroshi; Takeshita, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Turner, M.; Tysarczyk, G.; plas, D. Van den; VanDalen, G. J.; Virtue, C. J.; Wagner, A.; Wahl, C.; Wang, H.; Ward, C. P.; Ward, D. R.; Waterhouse, J.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, M.; Weisz, S.; Wermes, N.; Weymann, M.; Wilson, G. W.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter, Isabelle; Winterer, V. H.; Wood, N. C.; Wotton, S. A.; Wuensch, B. J.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yaari, R.; Yamashita, Hiroshi; Yang, Yifan; Yekutieli, G.; Zeuner, W. D.; Zorn, G. T.; Zylberajch, S.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)90999-m

Cited by 51 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In 1989 the Large Electron Position collider (LEP) at CERN and the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) started e + e − collisions at the Z 0 pole, √ s ≈ 90 GeV. The experiments at these accelerators -ALEPH, DELPHI, OPAL and L3 at LEP, and SLD at SLC -searched for Z 0 → tt events of various topologies [190,191,192,193]. The best lower limit on the top quark mass obtained from these direct searches was 45.8 GeV/c 2 .…”

Section: Early Searchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top quark physics in hadron collisions

Wagner¹

2005

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The top quark is the heaviest elementary particle observed to date. Its large mass makes the top quark an ideal laboratory to test predictions of perturbation theory concerning heavy quark production at hadron colliders. The top quark is also a powerful probe for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. In addition, the top quark mass is a crucial parameter for scrutinizing the Standard Model in electroweak precision tests and for predicting the mass of the yet unobserved Higgs boson. Ten years after the discovery of the top quark at the Fermilab Tevatron top quark physics has entered an era where detailed measurements of top quark properties are undertaken. In this review article an introduction to the phenomenology of top quark production in hadron collisions is given, the lessons learned in Tevatron Run I are summarized, and first Run II results are discussed. A brief outlook to the possibilities of top quark research a the Large Hadron Collider, currently under construction at CERN, is included.PACS numbers: 14.65.Ha Summary and outlook 79Top quark physics in hadron collisions 4 IntroductionThe top quark is the by far heaviest of the six fundamental fermions in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Its large mass made the search for the top quark a long and tedious process, since accelerators with high centre-of-mass energies are needed. In 1977 the discovery of the bottom quark indicated the existence of a third quark generation, and shortly thereafter the quest for the top quark began. Searches were conducted in electron-positron (e + e − ) and protonantiproton (pp) collisions during the 1980s and early 1990s. Finally, in 1995 the top quark was discovered at the Fermilab Tevatron pp collider. Subsequently, its mass was precisely measured to be M top = (178.0 ± 4.3) GeV/c 2 [1]. The relative precision of this measurement (2.4%) is better than our knowledge of any other quark mass. The top quark is about 40 times heavier than the second-heaviest quark, the bottom quark. Its huge mass makes the top quark an ideal probe for new physics beyond the SM.It remains an open question to particle physics research whether the observed mass hierarchy is a result of unknown fundamental particle dynamics. It has been argued that the top quark could be the key to understand the dynamical origin of how particle masses are generated by the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking, since its mass is close to the energy scale at which the break down occurs (vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field = 246 GeV) [2]. The most favoured framework to describe electroweak symmetry breaking is the Higgs mechanism. The masses of the Higgs boson, the W boson and the top quark are closely related through higher order corrections to various physics processes. A precise knowledge of the top quark mass together with other electroweak precision measurements can therefore be used to predict the Higgs boson mass. At present, top quarks can only be directly produced at the Tevatron. The physics results of the Tevat...

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Section: Early Searchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top quark physics in hadron collisions

Wagner¹

2005

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…By 1990 experiments at TRISTAN excluded the top quark with mass less than 30.2 GeV [25]. Later, the two e + e − Z boson factories SLC at SLAC and LEP at CERN started operation, and by about 1990 set a lower limit on m t at half of the Z boson mass, m t ≥ 45.8 GeV [26,27,28,29]. In the early 1980s, the SppS collider came into operation at CERN with counter-rotating beams of protons and antiprotons colliding with an energy of 540 GeV (later upgraded to 630 GeV).…”

Section: History Of Searches For the Top Quarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of increasing mass limits of the mass of the top quark m t through 1980s and early 1990s. half of the Z boson mass, m t ≥ 45.8 GeV[26,27,28,29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The top quark (20 years after its discovery)

et al. 2015

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This paper, written to mark the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the top quark, offers some insight into how the understanding of this heaviest known particle has developed from prediction through search to discovery to the current knowledge of its production mechanisms and properties. The central role of the top quark in the Standard Model is considered, and the window of opportunity it opens for seeking new physics beyond the Standard Model is discussed. Contents 8.1 Standard Model self-consistency: chiral anomalies; 8.2 Flavor changing neutral currents and the GIM mechanism; 8.3 Top-quark Yukawa coupling and consistency of the Standard Model at high energy scales; 8.4 Quantum corrections to electroweak observables 9. Top quark as a window to new physics 1151 9.1 Searches for associated t " t production; 9.2 Searches for non-Standard Model Higgs bosons; 9.3 Searches for supersymmetric partners of the top quark; 9.4 Searches for vector-like quarks; 9.5 Searches for new gauge bosons 10. Conclusions 1154 References 1155

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“…GeV/c 2 [13]. DELPHI excluded mt(p in the range 33 to 44 GeV/ C2 assuming the mass of the charged Higgs to be greater than 30 GeV/ C2 but at least 6 GeV/ C2 lighter than the top quark 14].…”

Section: Current Limits On the Top Quark Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for the Top Quark at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8-TeV

Farhat

1994

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We present a search for the top quark in pp-collisions at Vs 1.8 TeV using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We use 21.4 pb-1 of data collected during the 1992-93 Collider Run. In the minimal Standard Model, the top quark decays to a W boson and a b quark. To separate top events which decay into a lepton and jets from the W + multiet background, we identify b quarks via their semileptonic decays. In the W 3 or more 'et sample, we observe 7 events with an estimated background of 31 ± 03.

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A search for the top and b′ quarks in hadronic Z0 decays

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Top quark physics in hadron collisions

Top quark physics in hadron collisions

The top quark (20 years after its discovery)

Search for the Top Quark at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8-TeV

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