A seasonal cycle simulation over eastern Asia and its sensitivity to radiative transfer and surface processes

Giorgi, Filippo; Huang, Yan; Nishizawa, Keiichi; Fu, Congbin

doi:10.1029/1998jd200052

Cited by 106 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The framework of our coupled regional climate-chemistryaerosol model is the National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM2), a limited area model developed by Giorgi et al (45,46) with the augmentations described by Giorgi and Shields (47) and Giorgi et al (27). The coupled model was enhanced to include: a sulfur module based on Kasibhatla et al (48) The aerosol-cloud interaction (indirect effect) is estimated using the CCM3 (National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model) radiation package in our regional climate model.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aerosol indirect effect on surface temperature over East Asia

Huang

Dickinson²

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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132

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A regional coupled climate-chemistry-aerosol model is developed to examine the impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on surface temperature and precipitation over East Asia. Besides their direct and indirect reduction of short-wave solar radiation, the increased cloudiness and cloud liquid water generate a substantial downward positive long-wave surface forcing; consequently, nighttime temperature in winter increases by ؉0.7°C, and the diurnal temperature range decreases by ؊0.7°C averaged over the industrialized parts of China. Confidence in the simulated results is limited by uncertainties in model cloud physics. However, they are broadly consistent with the observed diurnal temperature range decrease as reported in China, suggesting that changes in downward longwave radiation at the surface are important in understanding temperature changes from aerosols.anthropogenic aerosols ͉ diurnal temperature range ͉ long-wave radiative forcing ͉ regional climate change ͉ second indirect effect A tmospheric aerosols influence the climate directly by scattering and absorbing incoming solar radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and͞or ice nuclei, therefore modifying the microphysics, radiative properties, and lifetime of clouds. Consequently, they alter the net radiation both at the top and bottom of the atmosphere (1-5). Since preindustrial times, anthropogenic aerosols, consisting mainly of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols [black carbon (BC) and organic carbon], have substantially increased, especially over urban͞ industrial regions (6-8). This perturbation in aerosol concentrations is believed to have had significant climatic impacts, especially at the regional scale (7, 9-11).Recently, Zhou et al. (12), following the technique advanced by Kalnay and Cai (13), found a larger decrease in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over the industrialized parts of China using the land-surface air temperature data recorded at 194 meteorological stations of China from 1979 to 1998 than that using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction͞ Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-II Reanalysis data (R-2) (14). The authors interpreted their results as an indication of the climatic effect from urbanization and͞or land use changes through the modifications of boundary conditions. However, the aerosol indirect effect includes changes in cloud properties, which possibly lead to a long-wave surface warming at night, in addition to daytime cooling from aerosol-solar radiation interaction. The decrease of DTR has been hypothesized to result from increasing cloudiness and, hence, the reduction of the daytime solar heating at the surface (15-17). However, cloud cover has only increased slightly in southern China (18). Could some other cloud changes contribute to the observed decrease of DTR?To address the question, we present an attempt to use a coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model to assess the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud properties and hence on regional ...

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aerosol indirect effect on surface temperature over East Asia

Huang

Dickinson²

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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132

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“…Conversely, the new scheme had a strong effect on the simulation of cloudiness, and in particular it produced a decrease in simulated upper level thin cirrus clouds, which increased agreement with observations and led to an amelioration of a long-standing problem in the RegCM system (e.g. Giorgi et al, 1999). In general, the new scheme improved the vertical cloud profile in the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Numerical framework and performance of the new multiple-phase cloud microphysics scheme in RegCM4.5: precipitation, cloud microphysics, and cloud radiative effects

Nogherotto¹,

Tompkins²,

Giuliani³

et al. 2016

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We implement and evaluate a new parameterization scheme for stratiform cloud microphysics and precipitation within regional climate model RegCM4. This new parameterization is based on a multiple-phase one-moment cloud microphysics scheme built upon the implicit numerical framework recently developed and implemented in the ECMWF operational forecasting model. The parameterization solves five prognostic equations for water vapour, cloud liquid water, rain, cloud ice, and snow mixing ratios. Compared to the pre-existing scheme, it allows a proper treatment of mixed-phase clouds and a more physically realistic representation of cloud microphysics and precipitation. Various fields from a 10-year long integration of RegCM4 run in tropical band mode with the new scheme are compared with their counterparts using the previous cloud scheme and are evaluated against satellite observations. In addition, an assessment using the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observational Simulator Package (COSP) for a 1-year sub-period provides additional information for evaluating the cloud optical properties against satellite data. The new microphysics parameterization yields an improved simulation of cloud fields, and in particular it removes the overestimation of upper level cloud characteristics of the previous scheme, increasing the agreement with observations and leading to an amelioration of a long-standing problem in the RegCM system. The vertical cloud profile produced by the new scheme leads to a considerably improvement of the representation of the longwave and shortwave components of the cloud radiative forcing.

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“…With a specified conversion coefficient k l , the excessive cloud water is converted into rainwater with a rate of k q q These modifications are entitled to yield cloud water contents in line with the observations (Giorgi et al 1999), obtaining more realistic results of cloud optical depth.…”

Section: The Cloud Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cloud cover (CC) has been introduced in prognostic equations of clouds (Tiedtke 1993;Del Genio et al 1996;Lohmann and Roeckner 1996;Rasch and Kristjánsson 1998) to represent subgrid-scale clouds, many climate models still do not consider subgrid-scale clouds, especially for many regional climate models (Giorgi 1999;Leung et al 1999;Wang et al 2000). To minimize the aforementioned drawbacks of merely using diagnostic and prognostic clouds alone, a cloud hybrid scheme is proposed and applied in a regional climate model (RCM) with horizontal resolution of 60 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%