A seasonal tropical sink for atmospheric CO2 in the Atlantic ocean: the role of the Amazon River discharge

Ternon, Jean-François; Oudot, Claude; Dessier, Alain; Diverrès, Denis

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(99)00077-8

Cited by 116 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…CO 2 data in the Amazon River plume have been reported by Ternon et al (2000), Körtzinger (2003), Cooley et al (2007), and Lefèvre et al (2010). DIC and TAlk showed quasi-conservative mixing behavior while pCO 2 is below atmospheric equilibrium, in contrast with surrounding waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean that are above atmospheric equilibrium (Fig.…”

Section: Co 2 In the Amazon River Plumementioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, the nearly linear DIC-to-salinity relationship indicates that net biological production rate, at least in a per-volume base, is much lower in the Amazon plume than in the Mississippi and Changjiang plumes. For example, NCP rates estimated from within plume DIC removal were 0.9-1.6 gC m −2 d −1 for the Amazon (Ternon et al 2000) and 1-8 gC m −2 d −1 for the Mississippi plume (Lohrenz et al 1997;Lohrenz et al 1999;Guo et al 2012), whereas the mixed layer depth of the former is nearly 10 times that of the latter. This conclusion is consistent with a comparison of measured biological production rates (see Table 4 of Guo et al 2012).…”

Section: Co 2 In the Amazon River Plumementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The river plumes they had studied were, however, limited to rivers of relatively low discharge and had data with little seasonal coverage. On the other end of the spectrum, several studies have provided an estimate of the CO 2 sink of the Amazon River plume and estimated the overall sink in the plume from an extrapolation based on the relationship between the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) and salinity (Ternon et al 2000;Körtzinger 2003;Cooley et al 2007;Lefèvre et al 2010). Additional data have shown that the relationship between pCO 2 and salinity in the Amazon is remarkably stable on a seasonal basis (Lefèvre et al 2010).…”

Section: Co 2 Degassing Flux In Inner Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Cai

Chen²,

Borges³

2013

Biogeochemical Dynamics at Major River-Coastal Interfaces

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Section: Co 2 In the Amazon River Plumementioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Co 2 In the Amazon River Plumementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Co 2 Degassing Flux In Inner Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Cai

Chen²,

Borges³

2013

Biogeochemical Dynamics at Major River-Coastal Interfaces

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“…2d-f; Dai et al, 2008;Zhai et al, 2009;Cao et al, 2011). In other river plumes with larger discharges such as the plume areas off the Changjiang Estuary (e.g., Zhai and Dai, 2009) and off the Amazon River (Ternon et al, 2000;Körtzinger, 2003;Cooley and Yager, 2006;Cooley et al, 2007), the uptakes of CO 2 are much more significant.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Sea Surface Pcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations of sea–air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Based upon 14 field surveys conducted between 2003 and 2008, we showed that the seasonal pattern of sea surface partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) and sea-air CO 2 fluxes differed among four different physicalbiogeochemical domains in the South China Sea (SCS) proper. The four domains were located between 7 and 23 • N and 110 and 121 • E, covering a surface area of 1344 × 10 3 km 2 and accounting for ∼ 54 % of the SCS proper. In the area off the Pearl River estuary, relatively low pCO 2 values of 320 to 390 µatm were observed in all four seasons and both the biological productivity and CO 2 uptake were enhanced in summer in the Pearl River plume waters. In the northern SCS slope/basin area, a typical seasonal cycle of relatively high pCO 2 in the warm seasons and relatively low pCO 2 in the cold seasons was revealed. In the central/southern SCS area, moderately high sea surface pCO 2 values of 360 to 425 µatm were observed throughout the year. In the area west of the Luzon Strait, a major exchange pathway between the SCS and the Pacific Ocean, pCO 2 was particularly dynamic in winter, when northeast monsoon induced upwelling events and strong outgassing of CO 2 . These episodic events might have dominated the annual sea-air CO 2 flux in this particular area. The estimate of annual sea-air CO 2 fluxes showed that most areas of the SCS proper served as weak to moderate sources of the atmospheric CO 2 , with sea-air CO 2 flux values of 0.46 ± 0.43 mol m −2 yr −1 in the northern SCS slope/basin, 1.37 ± 0.55 mol m −2 yr −1 in the central/southern SCS, and 1.21 ± 1.48 mol m −2 yr −1 in the area west of the Luzon Strait. However, the annual sea-air CO 2 exchange was nearly in equilibrium (−0.44 ± 0.65 mol m −2 yr −1 ) in the area off the Pearl River estuary. Overall the four domains contributed (18 ± 10) × 10 12 g C yr −1 to the atmospheric CO 2 .

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“…Intense biological processes have been reported in large river plumes and can include high uptake rates of carbon (Ternon et al, 2000;Cai, 2003) and nutrients (DeMaster and Pope, 1996;Lohrenz et al, 1997). However, DIC and nutrient concentrations in plumes are also affected by temporally variable and spatially heterogeneous river-ocean mixing dynamics, which can complicate the interpretation of the biological signals (as opposed to those within spatially bounded estuaries, Gazeau et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stoichiometry of inorganic carbon and nutrient removal in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The stoichiometry of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients during biological uptake is widely assumed to follow the Redfield ratios (especially the C / N ratio) in large river plume ecosystems. However, this assumption has not been systematically examined and documented, because DIC and nutrients are rarely studied simultaneously in river plume areas and interpretation of ratios can be confounded by strong river-ocean mixing as well as intense biological activity. We examined stoichiometric ratios of DIC and nutrients (NO and calculated biological removal as the difference between observed concentrations and those predicted from conservative mixing, as determined from a multi-endmember mixing model and observed salinity and total alkalinity. Despite complex physical and biogeochemical influences, relationships between DIC and nutrients were strongly dependent on salinity range and geographic location, and influenced by biological removal. Lower C / Si and N / Si ratios in one nearshore area were likely due to localized input of high Si and low NO − 3 water from adjacent wetlands or preferential removal of nitrogen in the area. When net biological uptake was separated from river-ocean mixing and corrected for preferential N removal, the stoichiometric ratio of C / N / Si was similar to the Redfield ratio, thus supporting the applicability of the Redfield-type C / N / Si ratios in river-plume biogeochemical models.

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A seasonal tropical sink for atmospheric CO2 in the Atlantic ocean: the role of the Amazon River discharge

Cited by 116 publications

References 55 publications

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Seasonal variations of sea–air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements

The stoichiometry of inorganic carbon and nutrient removal in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf

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A seasonal tropical sink for atmospheric CO2 in the Atlantic ocean: the role of the Amazon River discharge

Cited by 116 publications

References 55 publications

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Carbon dioxide dynamics and fluxes in coastal waters influenced by river plumes

Seasonal variations of sea–air CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements

The stoichiometry of inorganic carbon and nutrient removal in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf

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Seasonal variations of sea–air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements